WOMEN IN POLITICS.

        Some of the men are very much afraid that the MISSIONARY SEARCHLIGHT will enter into politics, but they have nothing to fear from that point. But if we were to enter, and our journal was for that purpose, we would help to answer Mrs. Felton, of Georgia, who wants to hear of a thousand Negroes lynched a week, but the poem by Mrs. F. E. W. Harper, we hope, is sufficient. But since some of the men are afraid we will enter, and this is an opportunity, allow us to say, that some day the balance of the scales will turn and instead of "lynching a thousand Negroes a week," we feel that it will be as a writer in one of the leading books of the day says: "These are the grapes of wrath which God has stored up for the day of His vengeance and He is now trampling them out and this is the red juice." And the writer, a white man, says to his people that "You were blind and indifferent to the sorrows of your kind; the cry of the poor did not touch you, and every pitiful moan, appeal and groan, the sob and shriek of men and women and little starving children--starving

in brain and body--got up and gathered around the throne of God and has burst at last in the fullness of time and comes down upon your wretched heads, a storm of the thunderbolts and blood. You had money, power, leisure and intelligence. You possessed the earth. All things were possible to you. Did you say one to another, these poor souls are our brethren, for them Christ died on Calvary. No, no; you cried out, "On with the dance; let them go down." And you also smiled and said one to another, in the words of the first murderer, "Am I my brother's keeper?" Nay, you said further one to another, "There is no God." For you thought if there was one, surely he would not permit the injustice manifest in the world. But lo! he is here. Did you think to escape Him? Did you think He would pass you by? As you sow, so must you reap. Evil has but one child--death. For years you have nursed it and instead of her bringing to you angels she has brought sword and torch." He says further, "Your ancestors more than a century ago established and permitted slavery." What was the cry of the bondsmen to them? What the cry and sobs of the mother torn from her child, the wife from the husband, on the auction block, who among them cared for the lacerated bodies; the shameful and hopeless lives? They were merry, they danced, they laughed and said, God sleeps.

        "But a day came when a corpse at every fireside, and not the corpse of the black stranger--the African--the slave, but of the fair, bright faced men; their cultured, their noble, their best beloved, and North, South, they sat rocking themselves to and fro in the midst of the ashes of desolation, crying aloud for the lives that would come back to bless them nevermore.

        "God wipes out injustice with suffering, wrong with blood, sin with death."

        And to the "lynchers-of-a-thousand-a-week," you

can no more get beyond the reach of His hand than you can escape from the planet.

        So, brethren, do not criticise us and put us down as trying to get into politics, for such is not our desire, but we hope to correct such writers as "A thousand-Negroes-a-week."

                         "Truth forever on the scaffold,
                         Error ever on the throne,
                         Yet behind, in distant shadow,
                         Stands God, ever mindful of His own."

TO THE YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN--QUOTATIONS.

        The union of hearts bring about a desire for the union of lives, and each life feels its own incompleteness until merged into that of the other.

        Love is not all passion: it is esteem, is confidence; it is mutual respect, and self-respecting; it must bear and forbear. Pride is absolutely selfish, and says, "You must humble yourself; I will not." Love says, "Let us reason together and forgive." Pride can not live in the same atmosphere as its counterpart; it can not live without it is dominant: it requires all and gives nothing. Love, strong, enduring, confident, faithful, blooms and grows more beautiful when in the constant companionship of its counterpart, giving and receiving. Love, true, pure, elevating, is a far greater conservator of morals than pride can ever be, for pride is too often only a feeling which requires one to stand well in the sight of their fellow-beings, while love is a sentiment, which holds itself for its object, as much as for itself, or public opinion, being jealous for the quality of the communion for that object as well as for itself.

        Love is of the soul; passion of the body; love seeks to do good to others; passion seeks alone self-gratifiction; love says: "I must seek a congenial and loving mate with whom I can have sweet and improving companionship." Passion says: "I must be gratified at no matter what expense to another." Any beautiful animal of the opposite sex is sufficient to rouse its flame. Pride is sustained at tremendous cost, love is self-sustaining, and its own reward. Pride does make nations, builds cities, etc., but love molds the world; pride seeks to conquer for self only; love seeks the interest of its object and rejoices in the others' happiness. Where greatness is and brilliant mentality, passion plays a secondary part. Let us not confound love with passion; the attribute of the higher soul with the cravings of the body. Let us not place the pure exercise of a Godgiven capacity upon the terrestrial plane of lust, but find our true soul as well as physical partner, ere we enter into a companionship which will elevate or degrade countless thousands of future generations, for true love says:

                         With a love that shall not die,
                         I love thee; I love but thee,
                         Till the sun grows cold and the stars are old,
                         And the leaves of the judgment book unfold.
                         Open the door of thy heart
                         And open thy chamber door;
                         The love that shall fade no more
                         Till the sun grows cold and the stars are old,
                         And the leaves of the judgment book unfold.

        A love that demurs at trials and hardships and endless toil is not worthy of being called love; like Mary Tudor, king nor kingdom could separate her or tempt her from the side of the man she loved.

WOMAN THE PRINCIPAL PROJECTOR TO CHRISTIAN CIVILIZATION.

        (Spoken at Chicago, 1904.)

        Mrs. President, Officers and Members of the Two Missionary Societies of the Great A. M. E. Church, Ladies and Gentlemen:

        I am called upon as the general superintendent of the W. H. and F. M. Society to bring you a message of greeting.

        We have traveled 4,615 miles and spoken to 423 audiences. Last quadrennium our work took in a number of States, but by a change in Episcopal supervision, many changes have been made, making a decrease in membership, yet, through God, an increase in finance. Our home work has kept an eye upon our poor ministers in the annual conferences and our schools and colleges, viz.: Payne University, in Alabama; Morris Brown College, in Georgia; Campbell College, in Mississippi, and Shorter University, in Arkansas. All of these have been given pecuniary assistance from our treasuries and special effort contributions.

        We have nineteen conference presidents and three State presidents who are striving to educate our members concerning the fifty per cent. to be disbursed among them, and the fifty per cent. to be sent to the Missionary Secretary in New York, and we feel that God is pleased with the work of our women for Christian education and the buying of land and building of houses where our adherents can praise God under our own vine and fig tree.

        We work among the lowly; seeking the lost, caring for the weak. We that are strong, reaching down in

"deed," not in "word," lending a helping hand to "lift as we climb."

        In the sixth district we have raised $2,690.27; in the seventh, $2,030; in the eighth, $1,476.39; through your humble servant, individually, $835.95. Total for home work, $2,225.72; foreign work, $2,043.78. Grand total, $5,204.66. Last report, $888. Total increase, $4,316.66.

        Our age is not quite seven years of active service. Thus you see, like leaven, the whole lump is leavened.

        All great endings have a beginning. Great achievements are the result of well planned foundations. This applies to the Christian Missionary work as well as secular relationship. The great end for which all our Christian endeavors tend, had, as an impetus to spur us on, the "Go and I will be with thee." God in his wise construction of divine providence made woman an instrument to help carry on the cause of Christ. Thus, we find all over the world and in all nationalities, that woman is the principal projector, and, therefore, her duty is more plainly described. Her first mission is in the home; but the time allotted us will not warrant a full outlay along the different avenues of home life as missionaries, nor in the work of our race along moral and social achievements.

        The sacred mission given her by our Lord and Master is the mission of the heart, and in the right teachings of the heart lies her greatest duty and the heaviest responsibility. Christ asks not that our love should equal his, but resemble his; not that it be of the same strength but of the same kind. A pearl of dew will not hold the sun, but it may hold a spark of its light. A child by the sea, trying to catch the waves as they dash in clouds of crystal spray upon the sand can not hold the ocean in a tiny shell, but can hold a drop of the ocean water.

        In this active age of missionary appeals, woman should seek her duty plainly, and, when found, do it, showing

to the world that as disciples of Christ we are doers of the word and not hearers only. If this be true, we must do our work with a heart full of love, ever ready in His name to do with our might what our hands find to do.

        True missionaries must have an unselfish heart, or else our work will not prosper. Self-aggrandizement, laudations and great praises will not win us the coveted crown. Man looks upon the outward appearance, but God looks upon the heart. Then, as missionary women whose pledge is to help bring the world to Christ, let us have a complete house-cleaning, brushing and wiping down the cobwebs in the mental, moral and physical corners before scrubbing and cleaning for other people.

        Woman's duty is well defined in the Holy Bible. We are called upon at all times to do for good causes, and in the eyes of the heavenly Master. The helping of the poor and needy, the sick and the afflicted, the neighbor at our door, whether of our creed or nationality, are all in the command; for the Master has come and calleth for thee, and we can not escape his attention, for he hath said, "If ye have all of these and have not charity ye are nothing."

        Since Bible days, woman has wielded an amount of Christian influence that man, in all his boasted achievements of the world, can not accomplish. Woman has some hiddden capacity for the operation of Christian endeavors which enables her to conquer. Woman is an evidence of faith, and the apostle defines faith as something at the end of the goal of life, which through life we hope for, and an evidence true and tried with a firm belief in the unseen.

        The women who were early at the tomb weeping for their Lord and Master, and wondering who had taken him away; with their hearts overwhelmed with grief, thought to ask the gardener, "Where have they laid my

Lord?" and lo and behold, it was the Master himself to whom they spoke.

        When he gave them the commandment to "Go and tell my disciples to meet me in Galilee," they asked no questions, but with swift feet they ran as fast as their strength could carry them with the good news of glad tidings, "He is risen as he hath said." But doubting Thomas, with his questioning heart, with all of his professed love for the Master, whom he had followed night and day, had to be told to press his hand upon the thorn-pierced head, into the bleeding side, and to penetrate the hole in his hands and feet to be convinced that this was Jesus the Christ.

        Woman has been given to men of all ages as an exemplification of Christian faith and benevolence. Our faith should be that of a Paul, ready for any conflict that will tend to enrich the Master's kingdom, where "moth or rust doth not corrupt nor thieves break through and steal." The motto of the women of the Christian church to-day is, "Go tell," and we are here to fasten a stronger rope to the turning wheel of "go," and to see if the hub is securely welded to the spokes of "tell," for the truth of Christianity must be told and woman must do her part. We must learn with others what it means to give our best--our ears to hear, our eyes to see, our pens to write, our tongues to speak, our feet to go, our hands to work, our voices to sing and our hearts to love--for His name's sake. All can not go, and we who can not leave the wash tub, the ironing table, the cook kitchen, the secretary's desk, and the schoolroom, will lay upon the altar the wherewith that will send the sweet message of missions, for whether we go or send, we are realizing the fact that the work of saving this world is upon woman, and she must do her part.

        We, the women of the A. M. E. Church and other Christian denominations, have a hold on the life-line, and

those who hold the life-line are as important and obligatory as those who go into the breakers. Women, do your duty. Allow it not to be said at His coming that your "silver and your gold is cankered, and the rust of them shall be a witness against you." It is unreasonable to believe that the world's evangelization will be accomplished by education. Frederick the Great, on hearing of a defeat of an army, exclaimed, "We must educate." And Burk said, "Education is the chief defence of nations." In mission work an educated mind, without the true, Christian heart, will not bring many sheaves to the harvesters; but with both of these essentials, on our banners will be seen faith, the shield we carry, and the two-edged sword we bear is God's strongest and mightiest weapon; we call it love and prayer.

        The church that does not nurse her missionary enterprises proves herself improvident and must not murmur nor complain if heaven leaves her nothing but her own desolation.

        God gave woman as His most choice gift. Without her, creation was incomplete. God considered her worthy to become one in the plan of redemption. She is the one great center in the world around which all other creations cling. Without her help the world must be unable to move. Ofttimes we are looked down upon, spoken ill of, and ostracised by those who owe their very existence to our endeavors and sacrifices. The influence we throw out as missionaries should be good; for we can lead the world either heavenward or hellward. Now, as in the days of old, man will yield to our influence regardless of the law of God. Woman can well be called the backbone of the church. In all the church endeavors she is fast being recognized as the financial prop upon which the pastors, deacons, stewards and trustees lean for support. Some are not truly called missionaries, for their hearts are not in the work for the work's sake, and

many of us are Delilahs, using our influence to tear down our strong men as she did Samson of old. But the call is for Deborahs, that the church of Christ may say. If thou wilt go with me, I will go; but if not, neither will I go.

        Let our influence be so strong for good that we will build up homes, towns, cities and nations; giving life to future generations, using a power not to cause desolation in the land. We can not all lead, from an official standpoint, but we can in the light of Christianity, morality and culture; sowing seed of kindness, sympathy and love till they grow and develop into beautiful flowers, letting their fragrance fill our homes, hearts and community with that which money can not buy. As missionaries, we often lose our labor because we do not prosecute to the end the good work begun. When discouragements come and the way seems dark, listen in the silent night hour to the still small voice bidding us "Go on, be not dismayed; Christ is with us, be not afraid." Our part in the missionary movement of to-day is clearly defined by saying we must work wherever we can do the best service for God. If in the home or foreign field, be found up and doing; if called, answer, "Lord, what would thou have me to do?"

        We are living in a time when a dispensation of the Holy Spirit is being made manifest and we are reaping the promise that "Your young men shall see visions, and the spirit of teaching shall be given your sons and daughters." But to reap the full benefit of these promises, we must lay aside narrow vision, and indolent ignorance must be dispensed with by the irresistible power of that broad human gladness found in a life of unselfish love. If we pray and faint not, the desire of God shall be realized.

        Have you heard the parting message of our dear ascended Lord which the beloved John recorded in the

pages of God's Word? You know that before the bridegroom cometh for the longing, waiting bride, all the things must be accomplished for which Jesus bled and died. To all tribes, tongues and nations this salvation we must send--this the gospel of the kingdom. "Then," said He, "shall come the end." There are souls in heathen darkness who have never heard His name; with the church at ease, unmindful of her indolence and shame. These are the words of Him who called us: "Go ye into every land," while unheard, and still unheeded, seems to be our Master's last command.

SARA J. DUNCAN,
General Superintendent W. H. and F. M. Society, A. M. E. Church.

A TRIBUTE

TO MRS. MARTHA E. TURNER, DIED 10TH OF JANUARY,
1898--WIFE OF RT. REV. HENRY MCNEAL
TURNER, D.D., D.C.L., OF THE SIXTH
EPISCOPAL DISTRICT.

        In behalf of the W. H. and F. M. S. of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, composed by the General Superintendent, Mrs. Sara J. Duncan.

                         We weep, dear sister, and mourn your loss,
                         Though we know 'tis "heaven's gain,"
                         And sad we feel that you are gone,
                         And still we must remain.

                         Many sad hearts have you brightened,
                         Many are the homes made glad;
                         With willing hands, though weary frame,
                         The poor and hungry oft had bread.

                         Like an angel of light you went about
                         Doing all the good that you could,
                         In dungeons, hovels, and lowly homes,
                         'Twas our "Martha" that sowed the seed of good.

                         "To know her, was but to love her,"
                         With her pleasantry, yet earnest heart,
                         Would at once win your affection,
                         And when won, would never depart.

                         How earnest and brave bore she her misery,
                         Till God, her Redeemer, saw fit to remove,
                         Never rebuking, never complaining,
                         Knowing 'twas His hand only could reprove.

                         In sickness and sorrow her only words
                         To friends whom she thought understood:
                         "Dear sister or friend, you know how it is,
                         I wish to come and help you, I would if I could."

                         Our State has lost her loving president,
                         She has fallen with many a scar,
                         But the female veterans of Georgia
                         Will try not the flag of honor to mar.

                         In the circles of both church and state,
                         We miss her, but the monument towers high,
                         Though she's gone the motto left to us is,
                         Watch, pray, persevere, and strive 'till we die.

                         Then, sisters, struggle and forget not to pray,
                         Stand fast in the strength of His might;
                         Catch hold of the work she has left you,
                         That the banner may shine pure and bright.

38. MRS. ALICE DUGGED CARY.

        The subject of this number is one of the most prominent women in the Negro race. She graduated from one of the best schools in Michigan, in French, German and English and from the Normal course at Wilberforce. Has a degree of A. M. from Morris Brown College and is one of the very few women holding five diplomas. In disposition she is one of the most cheerful and pleasant, and even under the most trying circumstances, during afflictions and trials, oftimes with eyes full of tears and voice unable to articulate clearly she will try to scatter sunshine and spread sunbeams in the path of others. She was the first principal elected to Morris Brown College, and was also principal of one of the city's schools of Atlanta for seven years and before her marriage was the first assistant in the Kansas City, Mo., High School. As sister and daughter to an afflicted brother and feeble mother, she was a heroine in disguise and was never tired of doing for their comfort. She has worked hard for the unfortunates of the race and has gone into the slums and prisons, seeking sick and lost souls, making good the Master's word: "When I was sick and in prison ye visited me." She has secured pardons for prisoners and homes for the many homeless ones. She was the first State president of Georgia of the W. C. T. U., No. 2, and the first secretary of the Southern Federation of colored women, National Superintendent of the L. T. L. work several years, and at present she is the National Superintendent of rescue work of the National Association of Colored Women and Professor of Literature, Economics and English Bible at Morris Brown College.

39. MRS. M. E. BRYANT.

        Mrs. M. E. Bryant relict of the lamented M. E. Bryant, Alabama's first general officer in the A. M. E. church (editor of the Southern Christian Recorder), Mrs. Bryant is a woman of some ability. At her husband's death he left her with four children to support. Theodore, the oldest, but fourteen years old, to whom Alabama gave a scholarship at Wilberforce, from which he graduated with very high honors. Ira T., after passing some of the city schools of Nashville, took a course in printing at Normal, Ala., which trade he followed for several years, after which he received a government position in the Federal printing office at Washington, D. C. He was a candidate at the last General Conference of the A. M. E. church for secretary of the Sunday School Union. The next son, M. E., was also very brilliant as an orator. He finished the city schools of Nashville and is now making quite a man. Miss Carrie E. Bryant, the youngest, is a young lady of rare musical attainments. She also finished the city schools of Nashville, had music at Fisk University and a course at Walden University, and now teaches in the city schools.

        The subject of this number should stand prominently before the mothers of the race, showing that although left a widow quite young, she has been able to give to the race Dr. Theodore Bryant, A.B., M.D., a practicing physician of Houston, Tex., and three other children, of which the race is proud.

THE MISSIONARY SPIRIT.

BY MISS LAURA P. LEMON, A.M.

Mr. Chairman and Representatives of the African Methodist Episcopal Church:

        Never before in the history of the Christian religion has the missionary spirit been more alive than now. The world to-day is alive with the life of Christian missions. In fact, the Church itself is more and more realizing that its chief end is to evangelize men, to make disciples of them, so that they may be saved by the preaching of the Gospel.

        The true missionary spirit is that which not only prompts, but propels men along the path of Christian duty. It kindles in every child of God an inspiration in, as well as an aspiration for the highest possible good. Not selfishly, not good for one's own particular use; but that good which makes a man or a woman a light shining that others may see his or her good works. Yes, that good which makes one a living epistle known and read of by men. 'Tis this spirit that has so seized and taken possession of the human heart, that the Christian world has resolved itself into one great neighborhood of love and reverence everywhere, for that which is high and holy.

        These great religious movements now going on in the world, such as societies and conferences for the study of God's word; these great non-denominational festivals, such as Christmas Day, Good Friday and Easter, are the truest possible signs that the prayer of Jesus will ultimately be answered in the union of all the Christian forces in this world for the betterment of all people everywhere. Then they all will be one.

        The missionary spirit of this age ceases longer to know men by their skin, race, country or condition. It aims to seek the needy field, then go there and work for God and our common humanity. And he alone is the true missionary who answers, when the field is found, "Here am I, send me, send me."

        The purpose of this little talk I am now giving is not to abuse nor to find fault. That, or such a move, would destroy the missionary aspiration, and drive the missionary spirit from our hearts. To sit down and grumble and complain inspires no one; to find fault helps nothing. The world is now weighed down with too many of this class. The crying needs of the world is for more Christian light that men may see the Christian life, and glorify God. However, the following heads suggest themselves:

        1st. The missionary spirit is found in the hearts of those who have been born again. This thought is not intended to exclude those who contribute to the help and support of the mission cause. These truly do help the cause by their money and moral influence. But it does refer to those whose lives are supposed to be living and shining lights in the world. Patterns and models by which the world is to be shaped and moulded into the Christlife. Such men and women must, if they would do effectual work for the Master, have an experimental knowledge of regeneration in their own souls. This is the one and only guarantee to eternal life and blessedness. "Ye must be born again." It must be and is as impossible for an unregenerated man to teach this great truth, without an experimental knowledge of it himself, as it would be, and is impossible, for there to be a nine without an eight. The new birth is an essential in Christian life and activity--enjoined by the Master and therefore can not be eliminated from the missionary spirit.

        2nd. The missionary spirit is found in the consecrated heart. Whatever other qualifications the missionary may have, this can not be ignored. One's life must be given in exchange for the thing he seeks. 'Tis one thing to love your work, but it is infinitely another thing to work your love into all your work. The consecrated life given upon the altar of toil and suffering for others, is the Christ idea of the missionary spirit. Give your life for the life you would save and bring to Jesus, then you shall have emancipated a soul from hopeless and utter woe.

        The missionary spirit is found not only in the hearts of those who have been born again and consecrated to God's service, but it is also found in those hearts set on fire of love for the end of all missionary endeavor.

        But there can not be love without confidence. First, then, the man or woman who proposes right, and are laboring to bring about the great end for which the gospel is preached, must first have implicit confidence in him or herself. They must have faith, not only to believe they are called to this or that particular field of labor, but they must know that they are fitted by nature, preparation and circumstances to accomplish the greatest possible good. Secondly, they must not only have faith to believe that they themselves believe the truths they are teaching; but that others believe they believe them. This forms the strongest possible Christian confidence. This is essential to the missionary spirit.

        But after all there is a higher motive in love. The great end of love is the solidity of the human family. Without love, kindness would cease among men. All religious edifices and charitable institutions would crumble and fall. Without this God-sent attribute, the human heart would sicken and die and the free institutions of our land would become the homes of the most wicked and vile! Civilization itself would get sick and die upon

the very precipice of our nation's glory. The missionary spirit is exemplified and magnified in the lives of those who preach the gospel of "Love we one another and so fulfill the law of Christ."

        In our church we have two organizations, or societies, just as they have in the Methodist Episcopal Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church South, and the Presbyterian Church. We might have one--the Mite Society, which has been in existence for years and years. The women of the South were not organized, hence, we went to work and organized ourselves under the leadership of a factor of the Northwest--a different name, however, but all working for the same end. We would not detract anything from the aged and venerable Mite, who has labored assiduously all these years; stood by the African missionaries, backed up by the thousands of dollars they are raising annually; written their names high in the skies of immortality. We could not if we would. We are not covetous, for we dare not break the command of our Great Head of the Church.

        We are glad to see that the illustrious Mite is a potentiality in the Church; an indispensable factor in her progress. We rejoice to see her crowned with glory. But we, too, expect to let the world know that we live, to say the least. And we have two organizations. This brings about competition. And all the great powers of the world are brought about by competitive endeavors in trade, commerce, labor unions, corporation against corporation, church against church, denomination against denomination, race against race, nation against nation, and empire against empire--all vieing to excel.

        So we thank God for the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society and the competition which may be engendered. We, too, some day, will make our presence felt in this great Church of ours. Our phenomenal increase for the past quadrennium speaks for itself. You

have heard from the report of our General Superintendent, Mrs. Sara J. Duncan, that $5.204.66 has been raised this quadrennium. An increase of $4,3116.66, $2,690.27 of this amount being raised in the State of Georgia alone. I refer to Georgia with special pride, as I am a representative of that State.

        But we are all working for the same end; for the accomplishment of the same good. We mean to be a power in our territory and thereby give solidity to the forces already at work. This, woman has ever done in all stages of our church's development. Her worth has been noted in the past by all branches of the Christian church. She holds the first place in the church as well as in the home. She was the last to leave our crucified Savior and the first to visit his sepulcher. 'Tis she who strengthens and encourages those who are doing the laborious work in our church's development. Her consoling influence has led the Christian mind into places of vice of our great cities and towns and converted them into respectable neighborhoods. She has not only been a power in the mission work in this country, but many like that great and grand Mrs. Coppin, whose very name stands as a synonym for learning, culture, refinement and modesty, for no brighter gem belongs to the womanhood of our race than Mrs. Bishop Coppin, whose name will go down in history as the pioneer woman of African civilization. I say, many like her have gone with their companions to foreign fields to help save this world and give it back to God and His Christ.

        But I can not close these remarks without laying a tribute of gratitude at the feet of Mrs. Bishop Tanner, who is one of the founders and prime movers in the missionary work among the ladies of our Church. She has stood by the cause and served in every official department of her society. Nor Mrs. Bishop Handy, whose labors have been untiring, for the work of this beautiful life

is inestimable. Mrs. Ida M. Yeocum, whose whole life is absorbed in this cause and devoted to the glorious work of redemption, and many others, whose labor of love I have not time to mention here.

41. MISS ELIZA A. MARTIN.

        The subject of this sketch Miss Eliza A. Martin, is from a family of four children, born in Selma, Ala. Her father was one of the members of the first Constitutional Convention of the State of Alabama, during the Reconstruction period. He was also a teacher in the public schools for years. The oldest sister, Mrs. M. E. Kennedy, is the wife of a local Baptist minister of this city and is a musical artist of ability, having had a course at the Boston Conservatory. Their brother, Prof. Lincoln Martin, is a teacher in the public school of this State, being a graduate of Payne University. Miss Eliza is a graduate of Payne University, and taught Here seven years. She has rare, natural musical talents, teaching seven instruments. She is at present teaching music in Atlanta, Ga., where she has been for four years organist of Big Bethel A. M. E. church, the largest colored church in the city. She was for two years assistant secretary of the Voice of the People and the People's Tabernacle of that city under Bishop Turner.

MISS LAURA P. LEMON, A.M.

        The subject of this sketch was born in McDonough, Ga., August 4th, 1880. She is the daughter of George and Louisa Lemon, who were the parents of five children,

three sons and two daughters. Her father died when she was only four months old, and she was trained and educated by the efforts of her mother.

        After her mother's second marriage, the family moved to Brownville, now South Atlanta, Ga. She was placed under a private teacher at the age of five, and when she was six years old she matriculated in Clark University, where she remained till she graduated from the normal course in May, 1895, at the age of fifteen, being the youngest member of her class, with high honors. Within two months after she graduated, she was appointed principal of the South Atlanta public school, when she was still fifteen years old, which position she filled for two years. But her health becoming impaired by overwork, she was compelled to give up this position with the intention of taking a year's rest; but within a month afterward, June, 1897, she was employed by request of Mrs. Martha E. Turner, wife of Bishop H. M. Turner, as assistant secretary to the bishop, and companion of Mrs. Turner, where she remained till the death of Mrs. Turner, January 10th, 1898.

        She also matriculated in Morris Brown College September, 1897, and graduated from the same.

        Miss Lemon joined the church at the age of twelve years, and in a few months afterward became teacher and secretary in the Sunday-school. She is the founder of the African M. E. Sunday-school of Trinity Church, South Atlanta. She organized the school with five members, all children, and had to act as superintendent, secretary, treasurer and teacher. She increased the school from five to one hundred, and served as their superintendent for four years, resigning this position when she went to the home of Bishop Turner, and found it impossible to attend the Sunday-school in South Atlanta.

        November 17th, 1900, she was employed a second time by Bishop Turner, this time as chief secretary of the

Sixth Episcopal District, which position she holds at the present time. She is editress of The Missionary Searchlight, also assistant editor of The Voice of the People and principal of the missionary department of Morris Brown College, having been appointed to this position by President J. S. Flipper, D.D., October, 1904.

        The degree of A. M. was conferred upon her by Morris Brown College in 1903, and by the A. and M. College, Normal, Alabama, in the same year. She was unanimously elected President of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society, of the Atlanta Annual Conference, African M. E. Church, by the ministers of said Conference, in November, 1902, and this will make her fourth year as head of the department. She has increased the annual collections from $27.00 to $800.00, and has given such satisfaction as to be elected and re-elected at four consecutive Annual Conferences.

        She is the author of a booklet entitled "Science and Miscellany," has written contributions for the Christian Recorder, Southern Christian Recorder, Voice of Missions and Voice of the People. She has delivered many addresses, spoken before the five Annual Conferences of Georgia, the General Conference, in Chicago, May, 1904, and the convention of the Colored National Emigration and Commercial Association in Chattanooga, Tenn., Montgomery, Ala., and many other places.

        Her chief ambition is to be a benefactor of her race, and assist in lifting them to a higher and nobler plane.

Address, 30 Yonge St., Atlanta, Ga.

IN VINDICATION OF "VITAL QUESTIONS-- OUR MISSIONARY DEPARTMENT."

        (Voice of People, March, 1904.)

        1st. In perusing the different church papers accumulated during my two months' absence, engaged in the missionary field, I find in the issue of the Christian Recorder of December 3, an article from a brother on "Vital Questions--Our Missionary Department." And I wish to say a word to the good brother who seems not to have kept up with the correct records of the missionary department, though were it not for and in defense of the dear sisters who have worked so very hard the past seven years to keep alive the department of Home and Foreign Missions, I should keep quiet, but for their dear sakes "can not hold my peace."

        As one of the leaders in the missionary work in this section since 1897, I have traveled to some extent in the South and Southwest, with a chance now and then to look in upon the workers in the North and East. We have made a careful study of the same, perhaps more largely than our brother, having done but little else during these seven years. Some of the points made by our brother are well taken and others are not; we feel them an injustice.

        In the second clause of his argument, "Parents' Mite Missionaries," he expresses himself, regretting that the General Conference was unable to so adjust matters as to bring them under one head, viz.: Woman's Mite Missionary Society. And the organization that was doing the real work is the W. M. Missionary Society, even though it exists only in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth districts, and the other section which is by far

the stronger--yea, five times as strong--being the domain of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society. If the W. M. M. Society was allowed to enter the strongholds of the South and take such well organized shape as it has in the Northern and Western sections of our church, where our memberships are not so large by virtue of the sections of the country, then we would behold an income of $15,000 in the woman's department alone, which would make it such an important factor in the missionary work of our church that our department could meet every obligation with which it might be encumbered and plan for broadening its scope of activity, thus carrying the church in undeveloped regions at home and abroad."

        We first ask a question, where peace reigns, why will some persist in stirring up strife?

        Nothing good can come out of confusion.

        Since the General Conference has and did arrange in 1896, to have two missionary societies, why can not we work more, strive harder, leaving the rest with God?

        And since there are so many things of vital interest to the church to be brought before the General Conference, why not let the women alone, and let them be in harmony, doing the will of the Master as best they can.

        1st. Our brother is quite mistaken when he says all but the district's is operated by the W. H. & F. M. Society. He must search the records more closely. At the beginning, such was the case, but in changing bishops every four years, why, many organizations already in operation are changed, in name, to suit the presiding bishop. We ought to so adjust matters that wherever a change comes in a district, that whatever society is in existence in the different States, that they be allowed to work unmolested, just so the districts are in harmony. For every tear-up and break-down sets the work further back in either organization. It can be

said to the everlasting credit of Bishop W. J. Gaines, D.D., of the seventh district, that it mattered not what his desires and inclinations were, he looked out for the work, and not his prejudice, and what he found remained and has prospered during his administration, also some others; but I speak of this example because the seventh partly "hail from Alabama, the fairest of all the fair States under the fair sky."

        2d. We emphatically deny "that it is the W. M. M. Society that is doing the real work," as our report to the coming General Conference will show; we are proud to be able to agree with our brother and say the W. M. M. Society is a grand and noble organization, and we would and will always be an helper rather than a hindrance; yet, at the same time, look out for that placed in our hands by the church that it may be preserved and prosper.

        In '96 we started out with hardly a constitution to work by and not an organization of any kind, subject to the general church, only a few Home Mission Societies in a few churches for the benefit of the immediate communities, and when pastored by a few ministers who had the spirit of missions, would send from two to three dollars to the Annual Conference, and thought something had been done.

        We feel that we speak for the sisters of both organizations when we say that the General Conference of the A. M. E. Church settled the matter in 1900 once for all, and there is no dissension among them, they are each working with might and main to have good reports at each annual conference, and General Conference, and have no time to wrangle over what the name of the society is, or shall be.

        But since the church has granted two, they work willingly wherever thrown, and we predict that so long as the A. M. E. Church exists there will never be but one

missionary society, namely, "W. M. M. Society," for the far-seeing lawmakers of our church who gave it to us will never see it changed, and others who will see the outcome of the work through the reports to the coming General Conference, will not desire to have it changed.

        The Parent Mite Missionary is stronger financially, and they operate systematically, we grant, and yet have not reached perfection, just as the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society will, when it shall have existed as long as the older organization.

        Please do not judge the report of the last quadrennium, $888.00 (in three years) the climax. When we are near forty years old you will see that number in thousands instead of hundreds. Our most excellent workers are found among the most humble and quiet women of our denomination, when, through all the years of the existence of Woman's Mite Societies its composition has been of the highest type, smartest and most intellectual women; well equipped to carry on the same; and many of them were wives, mothers, sisters and daughters of the high dignitaries of our church. Only in the latter part of '96 was brought to us in these sections in organized form "the sweet message of missions," and the cause will never lag.

        We favor putting all the women in the church to work, who will, for "the harvest is white," but where are the laborers? As in the other work of the church, we are all for one common cause; so just lend your prayers, instead of criticisms, for our success.

        The W. H. & F. M. S. has not had very much to say this quadrennium; we have worked silently and have sounded no trumpet; but, when we meet in Chicago, keep your eyes and ears both open. We should be complimented for one point of law, if no more, that the discipline of the church has not been disregarded. We make our direct reports to Dr. H. B. Parks, the secretary of

missions; that is why some don't see what has been done. We use 50 per cent. in the bounds of our conferences and send the other 50 per cent. to the missionary department, and whether or not we are doing "the real work," it is gratifying to know and feel that we have a part in all of the work done by the general church. We give our Easter, Children's Day and dollar money to the general departments, to disburse, as they see fit, and we are satisfied to send the missionary money where it belongs, to be disbursed by their department also; and although it is but the "widow's mite," earned by sweat and tears over the washtub, ironing-table, in the school-room, in the cook-kitchens and the cotton fields, in the sight of God the amount is precious gold. If space would permit we would name the women who constitute the local auxiliary conference and State branches of the organization. They are earnest, God-fearing women trying to follow in "His footsteps" setting forth by precept and example "the care for the weak they that are strong," soothing the sorrow-laden, helping to heal the broken-hearted, caring for the widow and orphan, buying land, building churches and thus spreading the Kingdom of Christ. These things done with the spirit of Christ, from a pure and consecrated heart, mean more in the sight of our heavenly Father than money (although our church seems to have the money fever).

        We hope the dear sisters who read the article containing such little encouragement will go on, for just one of our States raised for this year alone over $1,200, to say nothing of the quadrennium. "Still water runs deep," so work on, for not a more loyal baby is found in any denomination than you who are asking and seeking the way, and when found trying to walk therein.

        We are already carrying our church into "undeveloped regions" at home and depending upon the amount

we send to the secretary of missions to help develop the church abroad.

        All who are looking out for the failure of the baby child to walk will be mistaken, and although expecting to be the general superintendent of the work for only a few more months, we assure you that whoever our successor will be at the coming General Conference, none will be a more zealous worker and helper in the cause than myself, and while where we are we take a bold stand in defense of the sisters in this section of the church, and the ministers, P. E.'s and bishops who helped to make for the church, out of its baby, a man able to stand alone. In His name,

SARA J. DUNCAN,
Gen. Supt. W. H. F. M. S., A. M. E. C.

44. A BRIEF HISTORY OF PAYNE UNIVERSITY.

BY REV. W. H. MIXON, D.D.

        The leaders of the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Alabama have always evidenced a progressive spirit.

        Sacrifices, hardships and privations of the Pilgrim Fathers, incident to all great struggles and important events stimulated the urgency of our church and State in educational developments.

        Realizing that individuals must exert individuality, races racial pride, and nations national honor; therefore for the protection of each there must be fortification; even so must the church of one's choice.

        If they would foster and maintain the dogma or tenets, they must have a mecca where they can indoctrinate their youths and perpetuate a cause so well founded.

        Viewing it from this standpoint four of the active ministers of the State of Alabama, viz.: Lazarus Gardner, R. M. Cheeks, J. S. Shaw and W. H. Mixon, held a conference in Brown Chapel in the spring of 1889, and planned the establishment of Payne University.

        Meetings were kept up. Local interest was increased, led on by Messrs. E. W. Stone, S. L. Stone and Rev. C. E. Harris and S. G. Hatcher.

        With our personal means and influence we erected a four-room frame building.

        November 4, 1889, at 9 o'clock, the first scholastic term of Payne School began with Prof. W. B. Johnson, A.M., as principal, and two teachers, viz.; Mrs. Emma M. Young (nee Garrett) and Mrs. Josephine F. Burghes. (nee Shivers).

        We opened with more than one hundred students. The writer assisted in teaching until the work was well regulated.

        We soon needed and employed another teacher, Miss Leola Cook of Cleveland, Ohio.

        The North Alabama Conference which met in Greensboro in December, 1889, Bishop W. J. Gaines, D.D., presiding, accepted the school with stipulated regulations as presented by the four trustees.

        The school has passed through many conflicts; it has had its opposers, but its friends were more than those who opposed it because "God and one make a majority."

        Commissioners met in Greensboro, Ala. Bishop A. Grant, presiding, for the purpose of looking into the advisability of changing the location of the school either to Greensboro, Calera, Cahaba or Montgomery.

        We told them it was possible for the school to be removed, but it was not probable that it would be.

        What is the result? The school remains. Its magnitude is far-reaching. Its influence as a connectional institution ranks with the first in the land.

        In addition to the plot of land originally purchased, we have recently added twenty-one lots more and six cottages.

        Gaines' Hall, a magnificent brick structure two and one-half stories high, has been erected.

        One hundred trustees, representing the four Conferences of the State, are making many sacrifices for the sustenance of the school, and at their last session June 27, 1906, raised $2,800.

        Bishop L. J. Coppin, D.D., leads in our educational movement. His plans have materially aided us in our financial struggles.

        What Bishop Payne was to our church more than a quarter of a century ago Bishop Coppin is to our church and ministry to-day.

        The student-body now numbers nearly 500. Faculty 11, viz.:

• Rev. James M. Henderson A.M., D.D., President.
• Mrs. A. W. Henderson, lady principal.
• Miss Laura E. Samuel, Secretary.
• Miss Ruby A. Goodwin,
• Miss Alberta M. Shields,
• Mrs. Viola L. Walker.
• Miss Elnora C. Stone,
• Mr. J. L. Henderson.
• Miss Gertrude Coffee.
• Miss L. L. Henderson.
• Mrs. E. V. B. Kennedy.

        Those who have served as principals and presidents are:

• Rev. W. B. Johnson, A.M., D.D.
• Rev. W. S. Dugged, B.D.
• Prof. J. S. Moten, A.M., LL.D.
• Rev. J. W. Walker, D.D.
• Rev. C. H. Henderson, B.D.
• Rev. James M. Henderson, A.M., D.D.

        We have submitted this brief history of our school trusting that it will be of some benefit to coming generations, and praying the benedictions of heaven upon all of our efforts for good, and with a firm resolution to do all the good we can while we have time and leave the results with the Judge of our conduct.

I am faithfully yours,

W. H. MIXON,

45. BISHOP W. B. DERRICK, D.D.

        Bishop W. B. Derrick, D.D., was once Secretary of Missions, and was one of the first founders of Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society.

CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS.

        The schools of this city, Payne University, Alabama Baptist University, Knox Academy and Clark City School are all indeed worthy of mention.

        The presidents, principals and teachers of each of these would grace the platform of any city of the United States, and which gives Selma, Ala. the name of the Athens of Alabama. One of the oldest schools in the

State was the Burwell Academy, fostered by the Congregational denomination; said school had the misfortune to have been burned about the year 1896, which was never rebuilt, but removed by the A. M. A., to Atlanta, Ga. This was the first school the author ever attended, entering the third grade with Mrs. M. A. Harderick, now Mrs. Prof. Ish, of Little Rock, Ark., as teacher. We regret very much that we are unable to give illustrations of each of the schools and their surroundings. The Knox Academy is fostered by the Presbyterian Synod, having in connection therewith the Reform Presbyterian church, whose pastor, the Rev. S. F. Kingston, of our own nativity, having the distinction of being the only man pastoring a church of that denomination. Nearly every year graduates leave this school, going out trying to help the world be better. They have recently added industrial departments which is a credit to our city. They have a faculty of about twelve. This denomination also fosters a mission school about three miles in the suburbs and whose principal is Mrs. L. E. Kynett, a lady whose ability confers honor upon her alma mater.

        Dr. W. H. Mixon being the oldest living member of the trustee board of Payne University, has been asked to give us a sketch of the same, but we will add that in February, 1905, the author called together about twenty ladies and organized the "Ladies' Aid Society of Payne University," of which organization a sketch will be given by the present president, Dr. James M. Henderson.

        The Alabama Baptist University is one of the largest schools for negroes in the South, and has had for its presidents some of the best and most prominent men of that denomination, among them Dr. Brawley, of Atlanta, Ga., and the following lamented Dr. C. S. Denkins, Dr. W. H. McAlpine and Dr. C. L. Purce. All of these were honored and devoted citizens as well as

great promoters to the welfare of the race. The faculty consists of about seventeen (17) members, Dr. R. T. Pollard being president, Prof. J. H. Wiggington, A.M. LL.B., principal, a graduate from Yale. At their last commencement near thirty graduates passed from the various departments. Dr. L. L. Burnwell, of this city, is one of the most prominent colored physicians of this country and is secretary of the trustee board and Rev. C. L. Fisher, D.D., of Birmingham, is president since the death of the lamented Dr. Tyler.

        Clark City School is one of the best-equipped city schools in the State. They have a faculty of seven, Prof. R. B. Hudson being principal, who is very prominent as a race man being connected with the Negro National Business League, and in church circles is one of the leading laymen of the Baptist denomination and is one of the secretaries of the National Convention, Superintendent of the Tabernacle Baptist Sunday school and ex-President of the T. E. A. This school furnishes students from the grammar department, which makes it a nucleus for the higher schools of the city.

124. CHURCHES.

        Selma a city of about eighteen thousand inhabitants, has more churches than almost any city of its size. We will speak only of the churches among the colored people.

        We have, first, a Congregational church with a membership of less than a hundred, pastored by the Rev. M. N. Green.

        The Second Presbyterian Church, with a membership of about fifty, pastored by the Rev. Robert Roulhac.

        The Reformed Presbyterian Church, a membership of about two hundred, pastored by the Rev. S. F. Kingston.

        The Holiness Church, watched over by Rev. Geter.

        The Sanctified Church, cared for by Rev. Bryant.

        The Primitive Baptist Church, pastored by Robert Roulhac.

        The M. E. Church pastored by Rev. J. W. Martin.

        The C. M. E. Church, a membership of about two hundred, pastored by Rev. P. R. DuBose.

        The Tabernacle Baptist Church, a membership of about three hundred, pastored by Dr. D. V. Jameson.

        The Zion A. M. E. Church, a membership of about five hundred, pastored by the Rev. J. A. Hamblin.

        The First Baptist Church, a membership of about six hundred, pastored by Dr. D. M. Coleman.

        Brown Chapel A. M. E. Church a membership of about six hundred, pastored by Dr. A. J. Hunter.

        Ward Chapel A. M. E. Church, a membership of about fifty, pastored by Rev. Jones.

        Bethel A. M. E. Church, a membership of about one hundred, pastored by Rev. I. E. Fields.

        Mt. Ararat Baptist Church a membership of about five hundred, pastored by the Rev. G. L. Thornton.

        Green Street Baptist Church, a membership of about four hundred, pastored by Rev. J. A. Martin.

        We have seven other churches, making twenty-two colored churches in all, besides a few members belonging to the Roman Catholic Church.

        All these churches in their own way do missionary work of some kind and character, and these same churches during the last year of revivals obtained from five to a hundred and seventy-five converts.

        Brown Chapel, under the pastorate of Rev. M. Moreland, in about a two-weeks' series of meetings received about one hundred and fifty-six accessions.

        One good blessing in our town is that there is less selfishness in denominations than any other city in the South.

        When any great work is going on for the cause of humanity all denominations help. They have an interdenominational ministers' union. This city is the residential home of ministers, presiding elders, general officers, prominent in all denominations, besides many leading women, prominent in the missionary work of the different denominations, both local, State and national. We can slightly count as many as fifty ministers' families residing in this city, with many of whom we are unacquainted.

47. BROWN CHAPEL A. M. E. CHURCH.

        Brown Chapel A. M. E. church ranks first in dollar money in the Central Alabama Conference and is composed of some of the most loyal and influential members, including the most business men and women in the city.

        It is said that more young people attend this church than any other church in the State. It bears the reputation of having one of the best choirs in the South, whose membership is as follows: Rev. Alexander, president, who is one of the coming ministers of our denomination; Mrs. Mary W. Frazier, leader whose very excellent voice was trained with the Fisk Jubilee Singers; Mrs. Mamie Lee, one of the oldest members of the choir, who has sung with the choir more than twenty years; Miss Mary Brown, Miss Grace Clark Miss Lena Williams, Miss Clara Goodwin, Miss Addie Hamilton, Mrs. Lucy Jones, Mrs. Issa Messenger relict of the Rev. W. M. Messenger, Mrs. R. D. Brooks, whose sketch is on another page; Mr. George Meriman, one of the best bass singers in the South; Mr. V. L. Motley and Mr. Walker A. Smith. Miss Ruby A. Goodwin, one of the teachers of Payne University, is the organist and Miss Gussie Shivers, assistant organist. This church has a membership

of about seven hundred, and it is supposed that the pastor is very fortunate who succeeds another or himself at this charge, as the congregation is composed of lawyers, doctors, professors and graduates from all the schools and some of the best colleges and universities over the country. It has been pastored by some of the leading ministers and general officers of our denomination. See "History of African Methodism in Alabama" by Mixon. The present pastor is Dr. A. J. Hunter.

48. MRS. ELLA V. BROWN KENNEDY.

        Mrs. Ella V. Brown Kennedy is the only daughter of Mrs. Frances Vaughn, our sister, and is the only niece in the family. She was married to Mr. David Kennedy, June 28, 1905. She is a graduate of Payne University, and also from the sewing department, nurse training, and the dress-making department of the A. & M. College, Normal, Alabama, and had one year each in millinery and art painting. She also had charge of the sewing department, the Summer of 1903, at A. & M. College. She now teaches sewing at Payne University.

49. MRS. A. V. GLASS, OF THOMASVILLE.

        The subject of this sketch, Mrs. A. V. Glass, of Thomasville, Ga., the efficient and painstaking president of the South Georgia Conference Branch W. H. & F. M. Society, who, by her untiring efforts has succeeded in raising the conference claims of the Society from four dollars ($4) to four hundred sixty-five ($465) cash with an equal amount by special effort in the bounds of her conference. She is the esteemed wife of Rev. I. G. Glass, P. E. of the Talbotton District.

50. MRS. PRISCILLA BROWN.

        No number herein gives us more pleasure to present than the subject of this, Mrs. Priscilla Brown, known to her near relatives and closest friends as "Prayer." We present her herewith, as she is often seen going about seeing after the poor and needy, looking after the sick and unfortunate, always carrying in her hand some refreshment and in her heart kindest sympathy and in her mouth words of prayer and consolation. She is a consistent Christian, loved by the people of all denominations. She is a member of Brown Chapel A. M. E. church and a worker on all boards. A class leader of all the young children up to fourteen years of age, which class holds its services on Monday afternoons instead of at night with the older ones.

        There was a large number of these sisters, all noted for their Christian spirit and benevolence, of which all are now in the better land except three, viz.: Sister Katie Tomlinson, mother Dr. T. L. A. Tomlinson, proprietor of the Union Drug-Store. Sister Anderson, president of the Home Mission Society, organized to care for the poor of the church. Sister Brown is the wife of Brother Goliah Brown, a steward and class leader of Brown Chapel. She has three living children, and has been instrumental in saving many souls for the Master. She is a member of the Daughters of Mercy and City Missionary for the same, an incorporated organization for charity. Sister Brown worked for years exhorting and soliciting aid to secure a home for old people, and after paying half for two very desirable lots turned them over to the Daughters of Mercy, which they have secured against all encumbrances, and intend to erect a Priscilla Brown Mercy Home for the aged and poor. She is indeed a deaconess in disguise.

MISSIONARY WORK AMONG THE SLAVES BY THE M. E. CHURCH, SOUTH.

        Perhaps this subject, "Missionary work among the slaves by the Methodist Episcopal Church, South," may seem odd, and inappropriate if not repugnant, to our sensibilities in this our religious and civic progress. But no matter how obscure or repugnant to our present feelings, the facts of history should not be rejected or ignored because of the present state of progress and development.

        Truth is but truth, and it should be allowed to play its part in the arena of thought and action in the daily life of a people.

        If we are to know ourselves in the present conflict of oppressive and repressive active agencies, and wisely contemplate the possibilities of the future, we must measure and weigh the history of the past, and take a retrospective view of those formative and reformative elements and influences that have been productive of our present status, or state in civil proclivities and religious propulsions.

        Living in the twilighted dimness of the decades of slavery, few, if any, could prognosticate the future as to the social, political and religious outcome of the unique and peculiar system of American slavery that then prevailed in "the union of States."

        However unrighteous within itself, or obnoxious to a Christian civilization, the institution of African slavery may have been and whatever changes may have come over the public mind since its abolition and destruction, one thing seems clear and decisive and that is, the Negro race has lost nothing by its regime and existence, but has gained a thousand pounds, sterling, where it has

lost a penny. Our poem on "The Ante-Bellum South" seems to express what is here intended to be conveyed:

                         Such was the happy times in days of old,
                         Though Africa's race was bartered off for gold.
                         But still the narrow lines of bondage trained,
                         The heathen race a better life thus gained;
                         Hath nothing lost from heart or soul or mind
                         But caused the race a higher life to find:
                         And from that higher life, in bondage held,
                         Became mere perfect still when bondage fell."

                         Oh, wondrous plan! Thou'rt God's mysterious way
                         Deep in the past his hidden councils lay,
                         To reach his ends and great designs he keeps
                         His council chambers covered in the deep.
                         What once seemed worst, transformed into the best
                         And totals reversed makes the human rest,
                         Beneath the solid crests of calcined earths
                         Fires burn, the fetters yield, explode and burst.

        It seems to have been one of those mysterious acts or permissions of the Divine administrations, whose complicated connections and results, we could not then, and as yet, can not fathom nor comprehend. But after all it seems to be one in which the majesty of his power, wisdom and goodness is displayed to advance his own glory in the uplift and betterment of universal humanity. It demonstrates the evolutionary movements and relays of his power, from the reformative and regenerative plane and period, to the altitude of substantial realization and civic virtue. It is a trite saying as well as a philosophical syllogism, "all is well that ends well." At this distance, measured by space and the stately roll of the decades, it looks as if it was necessary for the Divine providence first to smite the national body politic

with a malignant malady before it could be healed of a more fearful disease, that would perhaps, cover the scope of centuries, and destroy a glittering and potential civilization upon the American arena. The institution of African slavery must become a curse an open, vile, malignant cancer, upon the social and political anatomy before its bloody form and blighting shadow should fall before the uplifted standard of truth, and the gilded arch of a higher and better civilization.

        Deep in the annals of the past, the incomprehensible Jehovah had decreed "the soul that sinneth shall die" and since, both slave and the slave-holder were guilty of sins and transgressions in personal and national waywardness, atonement had to be made, and the awful sum total, of principle and interest, had to be settled in blood and tears and a multitude of ills that followed in the wake of war.

        Though the master class was subtle, and splendid in eloquence in defense of the cherished system of slavery, and though the slave appealed to God in silent prayer and bleeding tears for mitigation and deliverance, yet neither one were sinless angles nor paragons of perfection. Nither were sinless nor blameless before the moral government of the supreme Ruler of nations. Neither could the one or the other escape the punishment due to tribal and national transgressions. Hence the poet makes this point plain, and says:

                         "For all the deeds of men with wrong intent,
                         Will come to them again though long relent,
                         They'll come again in some unexpected way,
                         The mighty force to feel. God will repay.

                         No way to escape from nature's broken law:
                         To hide from Him who scans the gapping flaw,
                         Repentance helps to soften stern decrees,
                         Nothing saves one, not e'en the bended knees.
                         Eternal fate hath justly fixed the line:
                         Precise in measure the whole is well defined.
                         When once the growing numbers reach the brim,
                         The cup is full, and overflows the rim."

        But in enslaving the black man, the white man enslaved himself, and was, therefore the slave of slaves. His loss in the final settlement--God being the arbiter--was, perhaps, more than that of the black man. But the system of American African slavery was, in some degree mitigated, and a percentage of its injustice and asperities struck off by that beautiful and lavish hand of Christian charity and those evangelistic labors bestowed upon the slaves by the Southern Methodist preachers. Almost everywhere, the sons and daughters of Ham were preached to, looked after and their religious proclivities and spiritual needs cultured and sought out by a class of white methodist evangelists with a love and a pure, simple devotion that was angelic heavenly, and unparalleled in the annals of Christian charity and Christ-like devotion.

        In those decades of human bondage and servitude, there were intellectual giants and blazing seraphs of oratory whose piety was deep, earnest, all-spreading and bright as the morning star. None of them were afraid or ashamed to preach the pure gospel to the laboring and sorrowing slaves. There was nothing like the simple gospel in those days, and nothing was more beautiful and consistent than those faithful and true Negro veteran Christians that were the fruits of the labors of those great and noble men who labored for the Christianization and the salvation of the African race in the South.

        When the war came, and the Divine decree went forth from the King's bench, that the slaves should be free there were in the Methodist Episcopal church, South, a little more than two hundred thousand persons of color, besides a large number of Sunday-schools for Negro children, in which the best blood, both male and female, engaged in catechizing and teaching the colored people both young and old, the simple fundamental principles of the gospel of Christ. Hundreds of churches were built and maintained especially for the colored people, and often white pastors were sent to them as well as to the white congregations. Sometimes the colored people got the best preacher, and the most talented man. No matter what churches or evangelical organizations have come into the Southern States since they had, of necessity, to build largely upon the old foundation, laid by the Methodist Episcopal church, South. It is true, great improvements and additions have been made to meet the new relations and changes, brought about by the emancipation, yet that church planted the seed, and imparted to the black man the true principles and teachings of Christianity. As there was no political and social questions that could enter the sphere of the thought and action of the slaves, on account of his relative condition, Christianity took its best single form and ideal in heart and life. Although in a state of real and complete bondage, with peculiar restrictions in word and deed, yet these very conditions presented a propitious occasion for the impartation and the instruction of the best form and practice of pure and vital Christianity among the bondaged race. Hence it may be said, that the simple Christianity, obtained among the slaves in the ante-bellum decades, was the purest, the sublimest and the most apostolic since the days of the great Pentecost, vieing with that of the noble and devoted Waldenses, the patient Huguenots, and those splendid and

heroic Piedmontese, who dwelt in their rock-bound land of the skies whose faith and adherence to Christ and his cause, was still unshaken, even in the baptism of their own blood and tears. But there were, also, a few black missionaries, who preached, sang and prayed, among their own people, and did much to advance Christian thought and tenet, and consequently devotion to Christ. The Baptists made some small efforts for the advancement and religious instruction of the slaves, but largely and most generally, the Methodists led the way in the largest degree.

        The colored preachers, as they were called, endeavored to duplicate the white preachers and missionaries in every particular and conceivable way. In word, gesture, dress, the intonation of the voice, and general demeanor, in the pulpit and out of it--Sundays--they sought to be as much like the white preachers as possible, and the colored reverend, who most nearly approximated some famous and distinguished white divine was the best preacher in the estimation of those who listened to his borrowed eloquence. About half of the colored preachers could read, but mostly in a hesitating and stammering manner. The other half had to rely on what was imparted to their memories as acquired from the mistresses, young masters and from the Scriptures and hymns read by the white missionaries in the church on Sundays and in weekly night class and prayer-meetings. I have often heard some of them read whole chapters, and line hymns as clear and correctly as if they were actually reading the printed words.

        Bishop Capers, of the Methodist church, was "the founder of missions to the slaves," and under his leadership, the work took a more definite and permanent form and reached a broader and more significant application. The large slave owners were often heavy contributors to a missionary fund for the support of the evangelists

who were sent to the colored people. But many of the slaves also contributed their small "mites" to help in the work, and felt that it was not only a duty, but a pleasure and a delight, and always manifested a keen interest in the salvation and redemption of their race.

        During the war period, missionary work among the slaves of necessity declined in interest and extent, but did not wholly lapse until the relation of slave and master had changed as a result of the conflict between the States. This dreadful conflict not only changed the civil status of slave and master, but severed almost every vestige of religious and ecclesiastical relation. The white people of the South, having lost their proprietary right in the black man as a slave felt that they were under no further obligation to help him religiously and otherwise, and at length, except to a very limited degree, all efforts to continue the work of evangelism among them ceased, and the former religious protectorate over the black man became a thing of the past, he being left to shift for himself. There was, however, a feeling among many of the Southern white Christians, that missionary work among the former slaves ought to be continued, but there was, apparently, insurmountable difficulties in the way, and because of these difficulties, there has been no serious efforts made in that direction since. But as we see it, there was, and there is, a large field among our race to engage the Christian charity of the white people of the South, and would pay a larger dividend in cents and dollars, than any foreign mission upon which they are spending millions of money and thousands of noble lives, to plant the standard of the cross "in the regions beyond." But this work, so far as the white people are concerned, is left almost entirely to the philanthropic North, and in this respect they are doing a noble and heroic work that seems splendid and

Christlike. But social distinction, race traits and previous conditions, serve as an effective barrier and defies every effort to apply the teachings, practices and fundamental principles of that Christianity as taught by Jesus Christ.

        The Divine Gospel comes to solve all problems, whether they be social, political, national, international or inter-racial. It is emphatically and positively the religion of the peoples. It knows no class, race, or nations and has no classification of races and personalities in its wide and all-covering category, but is designed for all the weeping daughters of Eve, and the sorrowing sons of Adam. But it can be effective only as it is applied in the spirit, and practice of its Divine Author--Christ. To this great end, let us hope, work, wait, pray like the poet in the following lines:

                         Come gracious Lord, why long delay?
                         Thy chariot wheels Thy words obey;
                         Roll over seas with gilded rim,
                         The cup of sin o'erflows the brim.
                         Thy lofty spokes will flash in light,
                         To banish sin and stupid night.
                         The winter's frosts of decades old
                         No longer blight the human fold.

                         Flash down the lines where darkness dwell,
                         And break the ancient reign of hell;
                         War and blood have long prevailed,
                         The gates of hell in darkness trailed.
                         The heathen wait in trembling hope
                         Thy arm to sweep in mighty scope,
                         And smite from earth's dominions dark,
                         And make the world a gilded park.

                         Thou art the one the nations need,
                         Both Jew and Greek and ancient Mede.
                         And Afric's sons in darkness sigh,
                         And wait the day of the Most High.
                         The cruel lords of sin oppress;
                         The error grows without redress,
                         And ramifies in ev'ry part
                         It spoils the soul and stains the heart.

                         How long, O Lord, shall Satan hold
                         The native captives in his fold?
                         Shall curse and crime forever dwell,
                         The bloody reign in numbers swell?
                         Did'st not Thou say, in days long gone,
                         To old Satan's foe, Thy great Son,
                         You "ask of Me" and I will give
                         The heathen all, and they shall live?

--L. H. Holsy.

52. MRS. JENNIE BROUGHTON.

        Mrs. Jennie Broughton, a consistent member of Brown Chapel and the Ladies' Aid Society, has given to the race two very handsome and worthy children in the person of Miss Albertina Broughton, a musical artist of ability and a student of Fisk University, and Dr. Nathaniel Broughton, a graduate from McHarry Pharmaceutical and Medical College, now practicing at Woodlawn, Ala. She is the wife of Mr. Wm. Broughton, a great builder and constructor of cotton mills. He is and has had the distinguished honor of being superintendent of the Buckeye Cotton Mills of this city for more than four years, and is respected by all the mill hands, white and colored, which is rather remarkable, owing to the fact that it is a white man's job, for which he receives a white man's pay.

53. MRS. TENA McLAIN.

        Mrs. Tena McLain, the subject of this number, is one of the quiet but great workers in the missionary cause, and a consistent member of Brown Chapel A. M. E. church and L. A. Society.

54. MR. R. H. DUNCAN.

        Mr. R. H. Duncan, the husband of the author, is a Georgian by birth and rearing and an Alabamian by adoption. He is a man of business, and is highly respected by both races for his honesty and integrity. Very industrious with an inventive brain which conceives more plans than his ill health will allow him to accomplish. He is the manager of the R. H. Duncan printing Co., and is at present planning some industrial ventures which, if carried out, will be of much benefit to the race. For many years he has been dealing in groceries and real estate.

55. MRS. H. A. CAROLINA.

        This subject is Mrs. H. A. Carolina, of Arkansas, the wife of Dr. H. A. Carolina, P. E. She is one of the most strenuous workers of the State, in missionary endeavors, church work and one of the editors of the Missionary Searchlight. In secular organizations she has been a great worker of influence and never tires of doing all the good whenever she can and in all the places she can.

WOMAN THE IMPORTANT FACTOR IN ALL THINGS.

By MRS. MARY ELIZABETH WAKER.
District President of the W. H. & F. M. Society, A. M. E. Zion Church, Russellville, Ky.

        God created woman as He did man, for each of them are the work of His mighty hand. The contention that woman was not created but made from the rib of man, and that she is inferior to man should not stand. She was not made to dwell, walk or be placed under the foot of man, nor upon his head, but by his side as it appears that made her.

        Because it is said that she ate of the forbidden fruit and gave it to her husband and he did eat is not a just cause for her censure; on the other hand, shows her power with man from the very beginning. The view of her being a power for evil in that instant will not hold, for she was not responsible for the evil that did follow after eating the fruit of the Garden of Eden, as the charge was not given to her but to man.

        Lots of complaints have been made against our Mother Eve, but not with a just cause. She is our mother.

        "Mother" is the most sacred word in the English language.

        It has been said by the wise that the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

        Look at woman; she has always been a helper, comforter and pleasing adviser in all ages. Even when Jesus was hanging on the Roman cross with His dying breath said: "Behold thy mother." Then on the resurrection morning a woman was first to the sepulchre and Jesus gave her command to carry the message to his brethren.

Wherever she is called upon she is there to give cheerful advice; she is real progressive in the hour of work, consolative in the hour of sadness, patient in the hour of sickness, mild, pleasant and sweet in association, and never fails to think and do her part in all things. Her mission seems to be to raise up the fallen, cheer the faint and care for the needy.

        At home at the fireside she is the prime factor, a lover and advocate of high and religious morals; to take her away from the home it soon becomes wrecked and a most unhappy place.

        Woman is the prime factor in the schoolrooms highways, byways and churches. She cares for the ministry, and without her the church and ministers would be at a loss. It is the work of the woman that keeps life in the church and ministry to-day.

        It is largely to the credit of woman that the hundreds of missionaries are out to-day that are doing good work and building up the Master's kingdom in all parts of the globe. "What would they do were it not for the missionary women who have a missionary spirit and go forth to raise money to help them?"

        May heaven's blessing and the smiles of God rest upon woman that they may continue to be the prime factor in all things for church and humanity.

ADDRESS TO CENTRAL ALABAMA CONFERENCE, 1898.

Dear Brethern and Members of the Central Alabama Conference, Ladies and Gentlemen:

        It gives me no small degree of pleasure to look upon your faces this morning. It makes my heart throb within me to be in your midst. In the first place, I feel at

home among you; I feel as one of you. I have always visited the Central Conference with more than ordinary interest, first because I have been destined by the Lord of heaven to be a worker in His "vineyard;" secondly, being considered a member of this conference for years made me always interested.

        But, dear brethren, to-day I come to tell you that I am more interested than ever I have been before. Would you ask me why? for to-day I feel that I am numbered with the workers that are striving to make the cause of missions the grandest cause on earth. And another grand reason is that I, through your aid and by your prayers, mean to help make the "Women's Home and Foreign Missionary Society" of the African Methodist Episcopal Church a monument to the African M. E. denomination, as this church of ours is already a monument to the civilized world.

        Brethren, I am here to tell you that I am an earnest worker in this cause, and I ask your prayers for me, your humble daughter, not only by birth and nativity, but also by my marriage to the African Methodist Episcopal Church when only 11 years of age. I have never been weary or tired in working for the upbuilding of the kingdom of Christ. I hope at the end of another conference year to come back to you to render an account of my stewardship. Pray that my report will be that of a good servant; that I have not been a truant; that I have, through faith and prayer, kept the commission given me by one of God's GREATEST AGENCIES on the American Continent, Rt. Rev. Henry McNeal Turner, DD., LL.D., D.C.L., Senior Bishop of this great African M. E. Church of ours, and president of the Missionary Board.

        Dear brethren, by an eye of faith I sometimes can hear the God of heaven say to this MOSES of ours, "Write a commission and mount the iron horse and go to the little

city of Selma, Ala., in the church of Brown Chapel. You will find a willing servant, one who will do my bidding. Tell her to take THIS and go, stop not to ask what she shall eat, what she shall drink, nor wherewith she shall be clothed, but I am mindful of her; but to seek the highways and hedges to lift up the fallen and help to bring them to the marriage supper of the Lord. Let her say to the women of this great church of yours, which is one of the greatest lights of the world, to gird their armor on and be up and doing for the CHOSEN PEOPLE OF HAM in the darkest of jungles of Africa, MUST BE REDEEMED."

        Again, brethren, pray for me that my labors may not be in vain.

58. MRS. FANNIE L. PIERCE.

        The subject of this sketch, Mrs. Fannie L. Pierce, was born November 12, 1876, at Key, Ga. Her maiden name was Miss Fannie L. McGraw. Attended the public schools of Brooks county: also attended the Allen Normal Industrial School, Thomasville, Ga. Attended Morris Brown College in 1898-99; was married to Rev. W. H. Pierce, D.D., of the Georgia Conference, September 27, 1899, and entered the missionary work the same year; was treasurer of the W. H. & F. M. Society of the Georgia Conference for five years; was transferred from the Georgia Conference to the Macon (Georgia) Conference, and elected president of the Forsyth District; also chairman of the Financial Board of the Conference Society; now stationed at Eatonton, Ga.

59. MRS. JANIE M. BYRD.

        Mrs. Janie M. Byrd is presented. She is the untiring and energetic president of the W. H. & F. M. Society of the Waycross District. She does her work well and is always at the Annual Conference helping to further the great cause of missions.

ADDRESS TO THE MACON (GA.) CONFERENCE.

Our Venerable Bishop, Presiding Elders and Ministers of the Conference:

        I can but say that I am more than pleased to meet with you. In the many conferences that I have been a visitor never before have I been more pleased, for I have never come before under such pleasant circumstances. There is one special reason that is very easily stated. Heretofore I came as a visitor in the common interest of this grand old church, but now as worker and a co-laborer, and, of course, under the new circumstances there is new interest.

        I come to you as an earnest worker in the field of "Home and Foreign Missions," where the harvest is so white and the laborers are so few. And I ask you in the name of the Lord and the A. M. E. Church to bear me up in the work that is before me. And as I go over the mission fields with Christian benevolence from our beloved Bishop, I hope to have courageous advice from the P. E. and to meet with outstretched hands from the ministers. And if I have your aid the W. H. & F. M. Society will become a monument to African Methodism as our church is now a monument to civilization.

WOMEN IN THE CHURCHES.

        This subject is one of vast importance. The thought which caused me to thus take it up was from the following question found in the "Question Box" of the Southern Christian Advocate:

NO. 406. WOMEN IN CHURCHES.

        Please explain 1 Cor. 14:34, 35, in regard to women keeping silence in church: "Let your women keep silence in the churches; for it is not permitted unto them to speak; . . . . for it is a shame for women to speak in the church." How do we harmonize it with the Bible?

        Answer as follows:

        We do not harmonize it with the Bible, it is in harmony now. We may not see the harmony, because we do not know all the circumstances, and our ear perhaps is not trained to perceive it. In the first place the apostle Paul believed in the labor of women and in women speaking; for he speaks of those who labored with him in the gospel, like Priscilla and Mary and Tryphena and Tryphosa and the beloved Persis and the mother of Rufus and Paul, and Julia, and the sister of Nereus and Phebe (Rom. 16:1-15), and of the women at Philippi, who labored with him in the gospel (Phil. 4:3). He gives instruction to the church at Corinth as to how women who pray or prophesy or teach publicly should dress (1 Cor. 11:3-6), indicating by this that praying, prophesying or public speaking in a proper manner would not be inconsistent. See Acts 2:17, 18. Now, we do not believe that the apostle Paul contradicted in 1 Cor. 14:34, 35 what he previously said in the same epistle. In another passage he says, Also read Isaiah 43d chapter, 1st and 13th,

and also read Isaiah 44th chapter, 1st and 18th. In these will be seen that Christ give the world to know through the prophet Isaiah that we are his witnesses. This word within itself means to know or behold. If we are true witnesses for Christ, walking daily in his footsteps, why not let others know even as the followers of our God did when Elijah, the prophet, called and asked, "Who is on the Lord's side?"

        In the churches of every denomination and nationality the question is uppermost, "Can we, the women of God's church, receive more recognition, and can there not be some way fixed in which we may let the world know that we have a part in Christ by our work as well as in name only?" If the women of the church must be loyal to every undertaking, planted by the heads of the church, why can not the world know that the daughters of Allen as well as his sons are up and doing what their hands find to do for the cause of Christ and the sake of humanity? In the African M. E. Church we have at last been given recognition, as in other churches. The bugle has sounded, some distance away, and the women have answered the clarion call, and have made a promise to Almighty God to work and never tire, but to be found in the forward march in the building of tabernacles, the establishment of nations and the laying of corner-stones to be planted by African Methodism. Well has the apostle Paul reminded us in these words, "But as I would have you know that the head of every man is Christ, the head of every woman is man, and the head of Christ is God." Therefore, if woman belongs to man, and man belongs to Christ, and Christ to God, we are created for God's own glory. All of the creatures in this universe have a purpose in being here. The birds of the air sing his praises, the flowers of the field spring up and blossom for His glory, the fish and finny beings of the oceans, seas and rivers show His greatness, and

give praise to His name. Then why not we, made of the most tender fibres of mechanism, not glorify our Father which is in heaven? The great sun, moon and stars show His handiwork, so say the sweet psalmists of Israel; the shepherd boy who kept the flock by night on the hills of Bethlehem, whose home was the midnight sky, he studied the great stars till he knew them by name and called them his companions. One writer has said that astronomy is the oldest, the most sacred record of all sciences, for it teaches us to look upon all nature with wonder and admiration, and therefore love God more.

        When we watch the flames with wonder and admiration which kindle to life in the human heart, and the flames of the measureless balls of sky, even the flower that opens its frail beauty within reach of our hand, the wild bird that lifts its morning song to welcome the return of light, the evening cloud that curtains the couch of the setting sun in crimson glory, even the rainbow that spans the path of the retiring storm, might, indeed, arrest our attention, if we did not remember that it is God's hand that doeth them all, and that the "heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handwork." Do we think for once of the beauty of the stars, which keep us company in our quiet homes in the clustering valley, or when climbing the hillside in the silent desert and amid the rush of the thousands in the crowded city, in the solitude of the wilderness, upon the waste of oceans? And yet familiarity with the star world of the midnight sky has not rent the vale of mystery.

        The astrologer can not count the stars for multitudes any more than he can the sands of the seashore. He can not weigh them in batteries. He can not reach the boundaries of creation, although the measuring line is 200,000,000 of miles in length. The measurement of

space only serves to disclose beyond his reach other unseen depths, heights, universe of worlds to which all seen, measured and counted, is as a grain of sand to the globe he treads upon. For every star is a world, and many of them a million times larger than our earth, and yet there is no collision, no falling out of rank, no change of place. All earthly things change and fade and pass away. We begin to think when one of the brightest gems of sky rushes across the heavens with fiery speed, and strange fancies cross our mind, and we wonder is that a lost world!

        Disobedience to Him is the only discord that ever disturbed the peace of the universe. Disobedience to Him is the only desolation upon our suffering world, and it is disobedience that has kindled all fires that burn and cause tempests to rage in the guilty soul.

        When man's brief days of struggle and agony and death is over, and the night marshals forth God's hosts with all their beacon fires still burning upon the plains of heaven to show us that our little world is not the whole of His kingdom, oh, man, are you disposed to overrate your individuality in the creation of God's world? Whether the hand that holds this million of worlds in their place without weariness for thousands of centuries needs to be strengthened by our puny mite, how can you fear a murmur of disappointment, when you trust in Him who holds the stars in His right hand, feeds the sparrows, clothes the lilies and feels a special and parental care in every soul that He has created? What has the greatest and wisest of men to be proud of, the poorest and weakest to complain of, when the safety, the glory and the blessings must come from the same Father, whose glory is displayed by the midnight heavens? We think it a distance across the Atlantic Ocean, but we should have to travel a distance of ten thousand times

this before we could reach our nearest star neighbor revolving around the sun. Our earth is 25,000 miles round, and yet light is so fast that it would encompass earth five times while we quietly and in moderate haste speak the word "light." The nearest stars which we can seen in the heavens is so far from us that its light is three years in reaching our eye. The great polar star that guards the mariner on the ocean at night left its home long before some of the gray heads in our midst was born. This ray of light is God's messenger, and can not be lost till it has done the errand of its destiny. Any night you look up to the clear sky you will see stars that have been on their journey millions of years before they meet your eye. Astronomers have discovered 72,000,000 suns, and every sun surrounded by a thousand lesser worlds.

        Thinking over this, we are compelled to say with more meekness than Job, "Lo, these are parts of His ways, but how little portion is heard of Him." But the thunder of His power who can understand? And shall we not worship Him? Shall we deny the strength of God? Shall we take the gift and then deny the giver? It is infinite loss to have the world and lose the soul. "Now where is one like unto the Son of Man," who created us for His own glory? Christ, His son, belongs to God; man, created in His own image, belongs to Christ; woman, taken from the side of man, is a part of him, showing that of all the things of earth we are the greatest and we are for His own glory. Well does the psalmist say, "Trust in the Lord and do good, so shall thou dwell in the land and verily thou shalt be fed."

        The first great commission sent to man by woman from our Christ Himself indicates to yet unborn generations that they were to help carry the Word of Christ, not to especially preach the gospel from God's pulpit, but to preach by walks, deeds and helping all, whosoever

will, to come to Christ and live. Woman has at last found that there is more for her to do than was supposed some years, and the dear women of most churches of all denominations are learning in some way to carry God's gospel to those who seem far from Him. They see that there are mountains that can be climbed by them, cliffs which can be scanned, streams for them to wade through to help man bring on the millennial day. They have learned that the gospel of Christ, the Redeemer, must be preached to all who dwell on the face of the earth, as John the revelator "saw the angel flying in the midst of the heavens, having the everlasting gospel to preach to all nations who dwell on the face of the earth, and to all tongues, all kindred, all tribes and all people, just so we must see that woman must have a great place in God's church, as well as in the world. The hand of woman must have work enough to do. She must teach men and women how to serve God in spirit and in truth. Christ said to the one who asked, "What is the greatest commandment?" "Hear, O Israel, thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul and with all thy mind"; this is the first and greatest commandment, and the second is like unto it, "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself; on these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets." We should have our hearts so fixed upon God and His promises that we would feel everything worthless without a claim on His salvation, and that upon His cross we had an eye and meant to reach heaven by faith in His precious word. Our souls should belong to God, and love him with a sincere desire to obey and serve Him always; and our minds should wish to attend the love and grace of God, which can only be attained by the sacrificing Christian. These three--heart, soul and mind--full of God's love is the first essential attribute; and the second, thy neighbor as thyself, means not the person next door to

us, as some seem to think, but to each and all within our reach. We must love our neighbor so much that to wish them well and to help them in the many achievements pertaining to life should seem a duty. Then show them the Christ; let them see the nails in His hands and feet. His thorn-pierced head and bleeding side, then reach out a hand and say, "Let us follow Him." Woman is one of God's great agencies. They reach out a helping hand as they pass by, and lift up fallen humanity as they climb. The drunkard must be kept from an untimely grave, and must be taught that "wine is a mocker and strong drink is raging," and that it "biteth like a serpent and stingeth like an adder." The gambler is wasting his time at the gaming table, not remembering that in His word He calls to the sons of men, saying, "Watch ye and pray, for ye know not the time of day or night when the death angel will call;" show the murderer that he has broken the commandment of God, for He has said, "Thou shalt not kill," but if they look to Him He will save them. Then sound the bugle blast, long and loud, and call the fallen women and tell them that Christ is near, ever ready to wash away their sins, and that, although they, too, have broken the command, if they show they want His forgiveness He will speak the life-giving word. They may be steeped in sin, but tell them to push along in the crowd and touch the hem of His garment and receive His blessing. If we are doing a good work for Christ and the world should criticise our efforts, continue to pray, asking God to help us the more, for He has said to us, "I have loved thee, therefore will I give men for thee and people for thy life." And again, "Even every one that I have called and created is for my own glory."

        Let us do as Peter did in the fishing boat on the sea, call to the Savior when we feel His presence near, saying to Him, "Master let me come to Thee." Then venture

out on the waves, and if they climb around us too high He will lift us up, and if we feel that we will be shipwrecked when the storm is high and the Master is asleep in the vessel, step up to Him gently and call to Him, saying, "Master, the storm is raging; we perish." He will rebuke the storm, saying, "Peace, be still." The billows will obey Him. Thunder will cease its raging, the lightning subdue its flashing, and the ocean of tribulation and sorrow will be calm once more. Woman as one of God's messengers, must help bring them in, for He has said, "Other sheep have I which are not of this fold, but when I come there will be one fold and one shepherd."

        The Master tells us to help the weak, we that are strong, and as women in the march of Christian progress, let us set our faces toward the city of our God, reaching down as we pass by lifting others out of the mire. Are we to care more for the statutes and government set up by man than we do the command of God? Then, if not, teach those who would crucify human hearts, send souls to perdition, cause human beings to be lost, make a new start, leaving sociality out of God's church, for the church is the chief corner-stone, and is lifted up before men and women as a light on the road to salvation. Christ has said plainly, "If I be lifted up, I will draw all men unto Me."

        Then let them come and our duty is to help them come. The poor must have the gospel preached to them; the captives of vice from the gambling dens and houses of disrepute must all be set free through the gospel of Christ. He came to bring deliverance to the captives, gospel to the poor, sight and hearing to the blind and deaf, and to heal the broken-hearted. Then speak some kind word to the poor downtrodden woman that will contain healing balm, letting her know that her

best refuge is a house of prayer. Dear friends, these are they whom Christ bade us to go out into the byways and hedges to seek for. Then look for the poor, reach out to the blind and the halt. Show the deaf a ray of hope; thus pointing them one step to Jesus. The dear girl that is within our reach, ask her also to look upward, no matter if the man who caused her ruin has spurned her, and society lifts him high. "Vengeance is mine; I will repay," saith the Lord. Fathers and mothers, if the children have gone astray and are not as you will have them be, I stand to-day and plead for them, begging you to keep the "latch-string" on the outside of the door, for some day they will return. The prodigal son of Bible days was welcomed back to home and safety. Then I repeat my pleadings that you may leave the light shining in the window for the gambler, the drunkard, the thief, the murderer and the poor fallen creature may come back and beg of you and other Christian women to take them by the hand, leading them to the garden of Gethsemane, letting them see where Jesus rested His head upon the stone, with the sins of the world upon his shoulders. Then beg them to climb Golgotha with you and view the cross that they may look to Christ and live. Christ's call to-day is to the whole people, "Give the gospel of salvation to all the world," now without delay. The Spirit and the Bride say "Come, let him that is athirst come and take of the water of life freely," "for hereunto were ye called because Christ also suffered for you leaving you an example that ye should follow in his footsteps." Therefore, it matters not what He has called us to do, answer Him with implicit confidence, saying, "Master, I will follow Thee whithersoever Thou goest." If our duty lies in the darkest hovels, in the jail yards, penitentiary grounds, what matters it to us, for He says, "What is that to thee, follow thou me."

62. MRS. LAURA E. ADAMS.

        Born and reared in Eatonton, Ga., who, after having attended some of the best schools in the city of Atlanta, Ga., returned to her home and remained a teacher there for several years. From childhood was an energetic Christian worker, a dear lover of church and Sunday-school and served in almost every capacity from scholar to superintendent, a great lover and worker in the cause of missions; for more than three years was director of the missionary work of the Eatonton District and through great struggles succeeded in organizing several societies and adding more than 125 women to the cause of missions, and for four years was secretary of the Eatonton District Sunday School Convention and an associate editress of the Missionary Searchlight, of which Mrs. Sara J. Duncan was editor at Selma, Ala. In December, 1903, was married to Rev. J. H. Adams, D.D., who was at that time Presiding Elder of the Eatonton District, and at present presiding over the Newnan District, Atlanta (Ga.) Conference.

63. MRS. NORA F. TAYLOR, OF CHICAGO.

        Mrs. Nora F. Taylor, of Chicago, Ill., the great evangelist, sweet singer and one who works untiringly for the cause of missions, and is a member of Quin Chapel. Many souls have been brought to Christ by her preaching.

64. MRS. M. F. CARROLL.

        Mrs. M. F. Carroll, of Savannah, Ga., is one of the general directors of the Georgia Conference Branch.

She is a consistent member of St. Philips' Monumental church and works untiringly for the cause of missions. No woman in this conference branch has worked more assiduously for the cause of Christ.

65. MRS. MARY COLEMAN.

        Mrs. Mary Coleman is presented as one of our most efficient church and missionary workers of Augusta, Ga., whose pastor is Dr. A. R. Cooper, one of the secretaries of the Macon (Ga.) Conference and one of the most prominent members of the General Conference of the A. M. E. church. His wife, Mrs. A. E. Cooper, is serving her second term as conference president of the W. H. & F. M. Society of the Macon (Ga.) Conference.

66. MISS REBECCA HARRIS.

        The subject of this sketch, Miss Rebecca Harris, is one of the most energetic and praiseworthy church and missionary workers within the bounds of the Georgia Conference Branch.

67. MRS. MARY A. SMITH.

        The subject of this number, Mrs. Mary A. Smith, of Douglasville, Ga., is an earnest Christian worker devoted to the cause of missions, is director and treasurer of the Tallapoosa District and a member of the North Georgia Conference Branch.

68. MRS. ALICE DAVIS MALONE.

        Sacred to the memory of one of our best friends, we present the likeness of Mrs. Alice Davis Malone, for the sake of History. A South Carolinian by birth and a Georgian by adoption, she was a graduate of Scotia Seminary, and taught in the city public schools of Rome Ga., for nearly ten years. She was the wife of Mr. John Henry Malone, superintendent of our Sunday-school at Rome, Ga. for only a few months, when she gave up the ghost and went to live with God. She was an exemplary Christian young woman of sweet disposition and kind benevolence, beloved by all denominations. She worked hard, and led a useful life as Sunday-school teacher and organist of our church. Peace and love to her memory.

69. MRS. I. V. ROSEBUROUGH.

        Number 69 presents to you Mrs. I. V. Roseburough, of Cuthbert, Ga., the wife of S. B. Roseburough, P. E. of the Bainbridge District. She is a woman of nerve and ability and has been of great help to her very prominent husband while in the pastorate and Presiding Elder. She is a teacher and is also rearing a lovely family of children. She and her mother, Mrs. Clark, the wife of Rev. S. M. Clark are both energetic workers and prominent officers of the W. H. & F. M. Society Conference Branch of the Southwest Georgia Conference. Mrs. Roseburough's district always leads.

70. MRS. M. A. CALHOUN.

        We herewith present to you Mrs. M. A. Calhoun, born at Talladega, in July, 1844. She was reared by Presbyterian

parents, but joined the A. M. E. church in 1857, and when the A. M. E. church was organized in Selma, she was one of the first to join. Her marriage was one of the first ever performed in B. C. A. M. E. church. She organized the first little band of Christians for the Sunday-school and helped to begin the Sunday-school and elected assistant superintendent and teacher of class No. 2.

        The Sunday-school work has become a part of her life. She has been a Sunday-school teacher since that time. She has had the opportunity of spending three sessions in the Bible Training Class of Talladega. She always felt there was a broader field of work for women, and when that grand old hero, Bishop H. M. Turner, brought to us the W. H. & F. M. Society, she gladly took part as a member. In 1903 she was elected president of the local Missionary Society. Mrs. Calhoun was acquainted with the parents of the author before their marriage. She has always been interested in the author and was her Sunday-school teacher, and the first industrial teacher she ever had, giving her the first lessons in fancy work. She is now one of the officers in the District Society, Conference Society and State Treasurer.

71. MRS. JOSEPHINE SINGLETON.

        The subject of this sketch was born in Montgomery county, Georgia November 23, 1868. Her early life was spent with her parents in Darien, Ga., where she attended the public schools.

        She was converted in 1880, at twelve years of age, and became a member of St. Andrews A. M. E. church. She was married in 1889, to Mr., now Dr. R. H. Singleton.

        Mrs. Singleton was elected the Conference President of the W. H. & F. M. Society in 1899. During her presidency of the Society for the Georgia Conference the increase was phenomenal along all lines.

        The finances increased from $23 in 1899 to over $500 in 1904, when, on account of ill health, she was compelled to resign the presidency. Her activity and zeal not only put life in her own Conference Society, but stirred the missionary life of the State as never before until every conference in the State has caught the spirit of missions.

        Mrs. Singleton is very quiet and unassuming in her conduct and conversation, but she is a woman of sterling worth and upright Christian character. She is at present lecturer and organizer for the W. H. & F. M. Society for her district and conference. She is always actively engaged in religious work and is a true helpmeet to her distinguished husband in the discharge of his arduous duties.

        He has for more than ten years been secretary of the Georgia Conference and is Presiding Elder of the Valdosta District, and is spoken of as Bishop for Africa at the coming General Conference, 1908.

72. MRS. QUEENIE MITCHEL.

        The subject of this sketch, Mrs. Queenie Mitchel, is one of the most earnest, though quiet workers for missions, church or secular organizations. She has held many prominent offices in church, secular and benevolent societies and has held one term of Vice-President of the Ladies' Aid Society of Payne University, and is now one of its secretaries. She is a kind and loving mother, much devoted to the home life, and yet does

with her might what her hands find to do for the cause of humanity.

73. MRS. CORA NERO MOTEN.

        Mrs. Cora Nero Moten, the amiable wife of Prof. J. S. Moten, is a cultured woman, who is striving to make her life useful to her race wherever the fortunes and fates of her husband decree that they may reside.

        She is an elocutionist who has won laurels on rostrums of the West, East and the South. Perhaps she won her greatest reputation along this line when she recited in the Administration Building at the St. Louis World's Exposition. One of the local papers there said she is the best elocutionist in the West.

        Mrs. Moten is a missionary worker, as the following will show. While in Alabama she was secretary of the local society, the District and the State Convention of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the A. M. E. church. She was also State Secretary of the W. C. T. U. of Alabama. She was elected at Tuskegee, when Mrs. B. T. Washington was elected president.

        Mrs. Moten is an alto singer who has sung in the fashionable choirs of Washington, D. C., and in the excellent choir of Brown Chapel, Selma, Ala. She makes friends readily and holds them and this quality in her has rendered her very helpful to her husband. She is a Canadian by birth, but a native of Kansas City, Mo., by adoption and now resides at Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo.

74. The missionary class of Morris Brown College, Atlanta, Ga., previously spoken of in the sketch of M. B. C. The first row, Miss Annie M. Bowden, Miss Janie L. Dickens, Miss Laura Pearle Lemon, A.M., Principal, Mrs. D. T. Howard, and Mrs. Mattie A. Ford; next row from left to right, Miss Ella J. Lamar, Miss Sophia M. Parker, Miss Lizzie C. King and Miss Eliza A. Turner, granddaughter of Bishop Turner.

75. JOHN WESLEY ALSTORK, D.D.

        John Wesley Alstork, D.D., was born at Talladega, Ala., September 1, 1852; trained (sometimes called "educated") at Talladega; licensed to preach October, 1878; served in the pastorate eight years; was Presiding Elder eleven years; was conference treasurer eight years; was financial secretary of Zion connection eight years; was elected Bishop at Washington, D. C., May 14, 1900, by acclamation; has traveled Cuba, Ireland, Scotland, Belgium France and England; has filled some of the leading pulpits of Europe, etc.

76. M. METER ALSTORK.

        M. Meter Alstork, vice-president W. H. & F. Missionary Society; wife of J. W. Alstork; was born at Talladega, Ala., December 25, 1855; received her primary education at Talladega College; was converted to the Christian religion in 1876; was married to J. W. Alstork, May 26, 1872. She has traveled with her husband very extensively in Europe and takes great interest in the work of the church, especially the Missionary work, of which she is one of the vice-presidents.

77. THE MISSION WORK OF THE AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION CHURCH.

BY BISHOP J. W. ALSTORK, D.D.

        The Missionary Department has been turned over to the women. It has not always been so. The men had it in hand up to 1896. The work did not prosper in

their hands for the want of proper organization and concentration of forces. We raised about four thousand dollars a year through this department for mission work. Seeing that the men were not meeting the missionary demands through this department, the women came forward and asked that the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Department be turned over to them. If so, they assured the General Conference that they would more than double the amount of money that had been raised by the men. The General Conference, seeing the reasonableness of their request, did at its session at Mobile, Ala., May, 1896, turn said department over to the women, with Mrs. K. P. Hood, president; Mrs. M. E. Harris treasurer; Mrs. S. E. C. Petty, secretary. They raised during the first quadrennium, $22,000 as against $16,000 raised by the men. They raised, during the second quadrennium from 1900 to 1904, $30,000. They have raised during the first two years of their third quadrennium, $18 000. At this rate, they will raise during this quadrennium between $36,000 and $40,000. We are supporting missions in the following countries: Africa, Cuba, Porto Rico, Bahama Islands, West India Islands, British Honduras, and are rendering greater aid to the Home Missions than heretofore. The field is white unto harvest. The call is great. On every hand in the foreign field the people are calling for the gospel of light and salvation, and I am pleased to say that the people (through the church) are heeding the call as never before. The literal salvation of our people as well as their spiritual, is through the church, therefore, the church is awaking to the great responsibility of its existence in the world. Consecrated men and women are throwing themselves unreservedly upon the altar of God, to be used as He seems best. The church is coming to the support of such men and women as it has never come before, for which God be praised.

The Zion A. M. E. church wishes to assure all other Christian churches that she joins heart and hand with them in taking the world for Christ, and are striving hard to see to it that no church reports to God greater results under similar circumstances than she. While doing said work, she wishes all other churches to know that she has malice toward none, but love for all. The Zion A. M. E. church is now in the one hundred and tenth year of her existence in the world, therefore she feels that she shall have to account for her long existence in the world among perishing men and women. She feels that she has not done all that might have been done for the salvation of the world so she is now trying to redeem the time, by faithful and effectual work.

80. MRS. ANNIE HOWELL.

        Mrs. Annie Howell is an earnest and hard-working missionary woman of Douglasville, Ga. She is the president of the Tallapoosa District and a member of the North Georgia Branch. Sister Howell is always willing to do her duty in the church and for the missionary cause.

81. MRS. LAVINIA R. BURWELL.

        The subject of this sketch, Lavinia R. Burwell, daughter of Anthony and Ellen Richardson, was born in Hamner, Sumter county, Alabama December 10, 1872. After spending some years in the District schools, she entered Selma University, where she pursued her course of study. Her early Christian training received in her home has manifested itself in her useful, uplifting life.

At quite an early age she became a Christian, and ever since she has been actively engaged in Christian work. In 1891 she was married to Dr. L. L. Burwell, the famous energetic and widely-known practicing physician of Selma, Ala. For a number of years she has been identified with the Baptist Woman's State work, and has held the responsible office of treasurer for seven years, which position she still holds. In the home she is a model wife and mother, having two sweet little daughters whose lives she is trying to model daily by her own life for good. She is one of the most active members in her church in missionary and educational work, and is also a member of the choir, having a rich vocal talent, thus using all of her talents for the Master.

82. MRS. SARAH GULLEY.

        Among the names which stand out as illustrious of the mission workers of the South, that of Mrs. Sarah Gulley, Selma, Ala., must be mentioned.

        Her work began very early in '70, and continues even until to-day. For many years she was a teacher at Selma University where her example of gentle kindness, her earnest efforts, her untiring energy inspired many a youth and maiden to strive after the things that are really worth while.

        Since she abandoned the arduous tasks of the school-room, she has not been idle. Although she had the care of rearing four daughters, the eldest, Eugenia, a musician of talent, a graduate of Spelman Seminary, Atlanta, Ga., Class '99, and Bessie, a graduate of Selma University, 1901, now a student of Denison University, Granville, Ohio, who will have the unique honor of being the first colored graduate of Shepardson College, Class

1906, and two girls still small, she has found a considerable amount of time to devote to her work for others. For many years she has performed her duty as a member of the choir of Tabernacle Baptist church, and she has been an earnest worker in the religious organizations of this church.

        But probably that work in which Mrs. Gulley shines as a guiding star, a leader, that in which her efforts have counted for so much, the work which is very likely nearest her heart, is that which she has done and is continuing to do directly to alleviate the burdens of the unfortunate, to bring some cheer into their darkened lives, to point them to that higher life which is in Christ, to prove by her example that it is more blessed to give than to receive.

        During the time that she has been doing mission work she has had several offices in the organizations with which she identified herself. At present she is the president of the Daughters of Mercy, who are endeavoring to erect the Priscilla Brown Mercy Home for the Aged of the city. Having been organized less than three years, they have already purchased two lots excellently located, and intend to build this year.

        In church work, or miscellaneous missions, Mrs. Gulley's name stands for all that is helpful and progressive. Being the wife of a minister, Dr. D. T. Gulley, himself a missionary of some note, her field of labor has been a very broad one, her tasks many, and yet her work has been done with such cheerfulness, such real love of work for work's own sake, that many have been benefited by it. Mrs. Gulley's life has been one of continued struggle against ill health and her patience is indeed worthy of emulation. In Florida and Alabama, everywhere that she has lived, she is loved and respected by all who know her; a woman of shrewd business ability, one who takes a very practical view of life, well

read playing an active part in the social life of her people, as a mother, affectionate, yet exacting, one in whose life Christ plays a large part, a woman of patience, of untiring zeal, tactful and with that keen sense of duty which ever marks the leader. For five years she was treasurer of the Woman's Baptist State Convention, of which she was one of the constituent members. At the time she was treasurer the Baptist women of the State of Alabama run a brickyard in the school grounds of the A. B. C. University and erected the girls' dormitory, a large and commodious building, four stories high. Mrs. Gulley now is treasurer of the Woman's Missionary and Educational Society of the Tabernacle Baptist church.

        "As no true work since the world began was ever wasted, so no true life since the world began has failed." Mrs. Gulley's tasks have not always been easy ones: they have not led along the smoothest paths, but in spite of all, success has crowned her life.

85. SISTER JOANNA MOORE.

        It is a pleasure to present the sweet and angelic face of sister Joanna Moore. We can not do justice to a life sketch of this blessed angel in disguise, but we can say that she is the beloved founder of the Fireside School, a school to which both parents and children belong. You join this school by reading the Bible and Hope daily in the home with the family. Its object is to help the parents make the homes pure, intelligent and happy thus extending blessings to their neighbors. Sister Moore resides at Nashville, 513 Mulberry street, and this fireside school represented colored faces in

print. "As to their peculiar dialect, the ignorant white people of the South use about the same. I would not dare to hold up to ridicule either class any more than I would make fun of the ignorance of my dear grandmother, who had but little chance for an education." We beg those interested in missions to read Sister Moore's book. Note the illustrations of her great life's work all over the Southland and then pray that since she is bending in age, may the sunshine of her great influence shed out its holy benevolence, that the Lord may send forth workers in the vineyard. "For the loving touch of little fingers, be they dark or fair have kept the mother love alive in my heart." She has been instrumental in helping to save the children of the races from a life of sin and degradation. We will quote just this much and leave the rest for you to read from her book: "If my readers expect for me to entertain them with the amusing, queer, ignorant expressions of the colored people, spoken in my hearing, they will be disappointed." The black man has been held up to ridicule too long. Even the pictures seen of him in the papers are only caricatures. It is true that lately we do see a few who will help all missionary workers. Sister Moore says: "That for fourteen years I have been asked to write the story of my life, but have said, 'no' 'no,' I am too busy living my life to stop to write it." She has given to the public at least, through the Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society of Chicago, a beautiful production, "In Christ's Stead," to which we refer our readers. Sister Moore says: "Although having never been wife nor mother, that since the days having rocked her little sisters and brothers in the cradle that the sunny face of childhood has made her happy." "The harvest is white, but the laborers are few."

86. MRS. L. A. DAVIS.

        The subject of this sketch, Mrs. L. A. Davis, Traveling Superintendent of the People's Mutual Aid Association, ex-Preceptress of Lauderdale College, at Birmingham, is Secretary of the Ladies' Aid Society of Payne University; also, Secretary of the local Woman's Home and Foreign Mission Society of Brown Chapel, is president of the Selma District Woman's Home and Foreign Mission Society Chairman of the Committee of Dallas County Prison Works and president of the Central Alabama Conference Branch Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Daughters of Mercy, and is ever ready to help in all Christian benevolence. She is one of the oldest Sunday-school teachers in the State and was for many years one of the teachers in the public schools. She takes great pleasure in making home comfortable for her beloved mother. She is a woman of ability, and is generally successful in all of her undertakings.

88. MRS. B. F. PROCTOR.

        Mrs. B. F. Proctor (Charlotte Leslie Singleton) was born in Walhalla, S. C., November 1, 1874. She attended the public schools there and Clark University, Atlanta, Ga., and was a graduate from Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in 1894. She taught in several of the county schools of Jefferson county for awhile, and was married to Mr. B. F. Proctor December 26, 1896. After her marriage she became attached to several of the secret institutions, viz.: The Court of Calanthe, Sisters of Mysterious Ten, and Knights and Ladies of Honor, and has been a member of the Missionary Baptist Church for over twelve years. Has

No. 89 [Tuggle Institute, Birmingham, Ala.]

served five years as Grand Secretary for the Sisters of Mysterious Ten, five years as Grand R. of D. for the Court of Calanthe and four years as Grand Secretary for the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and two years as G. P.

90. MRS. WILLIAM D. JOHNSON.

        The subject of this sketch is the daughter of Washington and Euranie Simon, and was born in Russell county, Alabama, December 25, 1871. At the age of six her parents crossed the rolling waters of the Chattahoochee and made Georgia their home, residing in Florida, Stewart county, where she entered the public school under the tutelage of Prof. J. C. Daniels. She remained under his teachings till she was able to teach. Possessing an undying love for her native State, her first work as a teacher was done in the State of Alabama and in Barbour county. At the age of sixteen she professed a hope in Christ and from that time till now she has been striving to bring souls into the vineyard of the Lord. At her conversion she received the impression that God had special work for her to do. After teaching school for awhile, she entered Payne High School, Cuthbert, Ga., having for her teachers such able men as Professors Jno. A. Kirk and A. D. DeLaney. This school she delights to call her alma mater. Leaving Payne High School she taught school in Quitman county. Georgia, for several terms. The County School Commissioner, Hon. J. E. Dozier said she was the best teacher in his county. While teaching in Quitman county, she met and became acquainted with Rev. W. D. Johnson, Jr., who was at that time pastor of the Graves Station Mission, and after a few months' courtship,

they were united in holy wedlock December 3, 1891, the ceremony being performed by Rev. A. W. Lowe, Presiding Elder. The marriage took place at the home of her parents at Georgetown, Ga. From the time of her marriage, she entered heartily into the work of the ministry, having done excellent work at the following places, viz.: Graves Station Mission, one year; Cuthbert Circuit, one year; Blakely Station, two years; Arlington Circuit, two years; Albany Station two years; Bainbridge District, four years; Americus Station, two years; and now she has entered with her husband upon the duties of the Presiding Eldership of the Thomasville District. Mrs. Johnson has been an indefatigable worker in the missionary field, her first work having been done while living at Blakely, Ga., she being the first to organize the missionary work at that place. The same zeal for the work was displayed both at Arlington and Albany, but her ability to organize and lead women to victory was not clearly demonstrated until her husband was appointed Presiding Elder of the Bainbridge District, which district by her efforts, led the Southwest Georgia Conference while she was upon it. She now ably and creditably fills the Recording Secretaryship of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the Southwest Georgia Conference.

91. MRS. CORA E. KING.

        The subject of this sketch was born in Sumter county, Alabama, in the year 1869. Her father, Rev. J. C. Lee, was one of the pioneers of the A. M. E. Zion church in Alabama. She attended the public schools of Sumter county and Knox Academy Selma, Ala. It seems as

if a double portion of her father's mantle fell upon her, because she is a woman of excellent qualities and many virtues. She has done yeoman work in upbuilding the missionary department of the church from the beginning of her identity with the church. She has been ever active and has risen to high positions in the church and at the same time cares for home and is raising an intelligent family to the fear of God and glory of the race. The life requires a more masterly hand to write than we can give in coincidence of birth, early training and struggles, but she has ever labored for others and worked for God's cause until none know her real life but Him who knows all things. She began her work by working up mission classes in the Sunday-schools of the rural districts, in her early girlhood days, and though her beginning was small her latter end greatly increased and to-day she is president of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Department of the Selma District A. M. E. Zion church, an active teacher of one of the Bible classes of Clinton Chapel and one of the only two female class leaders in the city of Selma. She is also vice-president of the O.S. and D. of Z., which is led by the women, and one of the most prominent benevolent societies in the State. Mrs. Synthia Callins is president.

92. MRS. CARRIE A. TUGGLE.

        Mrs. Carrie A. Tuggle is the president of Tuggle Institute at Birmingham, a normal and industrial school for colored, fostered by the courts of Calanthe and the Knights and Ladies of Honor of the World of the State of Alabama. Mrs. Tuggle is a good Christian woman, and has struggled over many obstacles and has mothered many a man and woman, girl and boy, given

bread and a cup of cold water to the poor and needy, sought many unfortunates in the prisons and jails, securing pardons and helps for the same, for which there will be stars in her crown.

93. REV. JAMES M. HENDERSON, A.M., D.D.

        It is useless for us to try to give a sketch of this number, as we feel inadequate to the task, but suffice to say that President James M. Henderson, A.M., D.D., is one of the most learned men of this country irrespective of race. As a forceful preacher of the gospel, he is unequaled, as an orator he is welcomed to any rostrum. He is one of the most prominent educators, whose name is a synonym for profound scholarship among men of books. His encouraging words and earnest appeals have inspired many a young man and woman to higher ideals. He has an excellent family of five children: Prof. J. Langston Henderson, though young, a teacher of excellent ability of science and literature at Payne University; Mr. Cornelius Henderson, a young business man who bids fair to become one of the prominent business men of the race; Miss Lorainetta L. Henderson, teacher [of]music at Payne University, and is expecting in the near future to take music in some of the Northern conservatories.

        This family is all musical, and when the two youngest are somewhat older, it is predicted that there will be a "Henderson quintette" instead of a "trio." This family has the distinction of having three children to graduate on the same day--two from the normal and one from the higher academic course.

        Dr. Henderson was for eight years the successful President of Morris Brown College. He is serving his

third term at Payne University, whose future he has made to stand high in the annals of Methodism. As a churchman he has served as pastor and presiding elder, and is one of the prominent members of the General Conference, a member of the Temporal Economy Committee and Secretary of the Committee of Revision of the Discipline of our great church. He is regarded the best authority in the connection on ecclesiastical law.

94. PROF. J. S. MOTEN.

        Prof. J. S. Moten, now head of the Department of Mathematics at Lincoln Institute, Jefferson City, Mo., is a young man who stands high in the councils of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and is among the foremost educators of the race in this country.

        He is a native of Texas and proudly speaks of the fact that his ambition was kindled around the fireside of father's home on the farm.

        He was graduated from the Prairie View Normal and Industrial College of Texas in 1890, and taught three years in his native State. During each summer of this time he was appointed by the State Superintendent of Education as a teacher of methods in the Summer Normal at Palestine, Texas.

        He studied law while teaching, and was admitted to the bar at Brenham, Texas, in 1892. He then practiced law at San Antonio for two years, when he received an appointment to a position in the departmental service in Washington, D. C.

        While here he took advantage of the many opportunities offered in this city and finished his law course, graduating in 1896 with the degree Bachelor of Law. He also supplemented his literary course and became proficient in history and mathematics.

        In August, 1897, he was united in marriage to Miss Cora Nero, of Kansas City, Mo., and while in Baltimore on his bridal trip met Bishop H. M. Turner, who became impressed with him and prevailed upon him to accept the Presidency of Payne University, Selma, Ala., which he finally did and entered upon the duties of his office in October of that same year.

        During the five years that he held this place the school was made more widely known and the ministers and members of the church in the State became more interested in the work of Christian education. The enrollment increased from 89 to 375 pupils.

        He resigned this position to accept the chair which he now holds at Lincoln Institute, the State school for Negroes in Missouri.

        As a churchman he was a delegate to the General Conference in Columbus Ohio, in 1900, from the Central Alabama Conference. Since he has been in Missouri he has not ceased his activity in the church. He is a steward and a trustee and secretary of both boards as well as of the Quarterly Conference. He was elected a delegate to the Annual Conference of the Missouri Conference in 1905.

        He is superintendent of the Sunday-school at Jefferson City, where it is said he has the best and most methodical Sunday-school in the State.

        Prof. Moten is making himself felt as a speaker and a writer. He always took part in the woman's missionary work while in Alabama, and helped with his time and means to foster the cause.

MRS. DUGGED.

        We could not close the pages of these sketches without mentioning one of our most beloved friends, Mrs.

No 95 [M. S. Office.]

Josie E. Dugged, mother of Mrs. Alice D. Cary, whose kind and loving disposition will always be remembered by her many friends. In their home for seventeen years her daughter tried to make her comfortable. Her room was the best in the house, and she never had to do any work that was the least laborious. Her birds chickens, flowers and dog, "Leo," kept her busy. She was never cross, but patient, gentle and loving to everybody.

        On Monday, January 31, at 12 o'clock, the death angel entered the chamber of a saintly Christian mother and bore her away to the beautiful world above. A trained nurse and eminent physicians did all they could to prevent pneumonia but all efforts failed. The funeral was conducted February 1st at Bethel A. M. E. Church, of which she and her family were members. Six ministers served as pall-bearers and ten others as honorary escort. Bishop H. M. Turner, Drs. Cargile, Alexander, Flipper, Hilson, Carter, Proctor Simmons, Weaver, Stanton and Linton took part in the services.

        The floral tributes from Morris Brown College and the many friends were beautiful. President Flipper, faculty and students of Morris Brown attended in a body. She was laid to rest in Oakland Cemetery.

        Mrs. Dugged was the widow of Prof. John R. Dugged, one of the leading educators of Indiana. She was born in Newberry S. C., but was reared in Indiana, and was given a good education. From early childhood she was a member of the A. M. E. Church, and was a leading spirit in helping the many church organizations. She organized missionary societies and neighborhood Sunday-schools, raised money for the cause of missions and philanthropy.

        As a mother she had no superior. She kept her five little children together, educated them, trained them to love the good and the pure and seek the noblest things in life. She was a model in the home.

        Her strongest traits of character were integrity, courage, fortitude determination and endurance. She had implicit faith in God and trusted wholly in His promises.

        Mrs. Dugged lived in Atlanta seventeen years, and belonged to Bethel Church as long.

        She is survived by her daughter, Mrs. Alice Dugged Cary, the philanthropist and educator, who portrays her mother's teachings in all she does; and her son, Rev. W. S. Dugged, A.B., one of the prominent Christian ministers of the North Georgia Conference. This great, good, noble Christian mother has gone, but her life was a sweet influence that will never die. Words are empty things when used to tell of such characters.

98. MRS. HENRIETTA HARRIS MOORE.

        We present Mrs. Henrietta Harris Moore, 53 years of age, a Christian worker of excellent ability. No day too cold, no night too dark, no wind too rough for her to answer the call for humanity's sake and for the cause of Christ. She is the mother of seventeen children, of which eight are living. She is a member of the Mite Missionary Society of Brown Chapel, and one of the chief members of the Ladies' Aid Society of P. U.

99. MRS. LILA WILLIAMS.

        Mrs. Lila Williams is one of the prominent members of Zion A. M. E. church, the Daughters of Mercy and the Earnest Workers' Club. Mrs. Williams is kind and affable, and always willing to help those who are more unfortunate than herself.

100. BENJAMIN F. HATCHER.

        Sacred to the memory of Benjamin F. Hatcher, our brother who died at the age of thirty years in Topeka, Kan., whose ashes rest now in that city, where it was placed by Odd Fellows in 1880. He was our brother by our father's first wife, but in love and kindness no own brother could have been more affectionate. He was a man of keen business sense, highly respected and his sisters to him was his greatest earthly consideration. Love to his memory.

101. MR. RICHARD DUNCAN.

        Mr. Richard Duncan, father of Robert H. Duncan, is a useful and energetic man. In his day was highly respected and succeeded in rearing a family of nine children.

102. MRS. VICTORIA J. DEAN.

        Mrs. Victoria J. Dean, the subject of this brief sketch, is the esteemed wife of Rev. James Dean, D.D., the Recording Secretary of the General Missionary Board of the A. M. E. Church, next in rank to Dr. H. B. Parks, the Corresponding Secretary of that Board.

        She has had many years of Northern experience in Philadelphia and New York, which, with her Southern experience in Florida, her native State, has well fitted her for the missionary work which she loves so dearly and has been so much devoted to for several years.

        She is one of the strong women of the missionary

work in Florida. For quite a while she was the President of the M. M. Moore Auxiliary of the Women's Mite Missionary Society of Pensacola, which she organized and named in honor of the lamented Bishop Moore. She was also President of the Florida Annual Conference Branch of the Women's Mite Missionary Society. She led all the auxiliaries of her Conference in raising Mite Missionary money. She endeared herself to her sister co-workers throughout the bounds of the Conference by her speeches of encouragement during her tours of visitation to the various societies in her territory, and also endeared herself to all the ministers in the home missions of the Florida Conference by her indefatigable labors in raising funds for the amelioration of their hardships in the home mission fields.

        Mrs. Mary F. Handy, of Baltimore one of the Vice-Presidents of the Parent Mite Missionary Society, on visiting Mrs. Dean and observing her work at the Florida Annual Conference in 1902, pronounced her one of the most earnest and successful laborers in the Women's missionary work in the State of Florida, and said that her methods would compare favorably with the best in the North. There is no Christian work on earth that is dearer to the heart of Mrs. Dean and in which she more delights to work than the sacred cause of missions.

103. MRS. MARY E. NEWMAN.

        Mrs. Mary E. Newman the sainted wife of Dr. Wright Newman, Presiding Elder of the Americus District. She was in attendance at the Southwest Georgia Conference, and took sick on the 14th and died on the 16th at the home of Rev. and Mrs. B. F. Williams, of Dawson, Ga. She was a prominent member of the S.

W. Conference Branch. She said: "I may not pull through this, and if I should not, I am fighting for heaven when done with this world, and have been working for this for forty long years."

        She was prominent in church circles and missionary endeavors and much beloved in Macon, Ga., where she resided. It was her mission to care for the sick and suffering. She was President of the Cuthbert District W. H. & F. M. Society, and did all she could to swell her reports. Her presence carried sunshine to many darkened homes.

104. REV. NZCAYEYA.

        Rev. Nzcayeya is a native African and one of the prominent ministers of the A. M. E. Church in South Africa. Was a delegate to the last General Conference in 1904 in Chicago, Ill., and brought his son with him to this country to be educated.

105. THE LADIES' AID SOCIETY.

        The Ladies' Aid Society of Selma, Ala., was organized February 1, 1905, to assist in furnishing and equipping with necessary apparatus Payne University, the pride of the African Methodists of the State of Alabama. The society was organized with twenty members chiefly of the A. M. E. Church, but soon their spirit and zeal and devotion became contagious, and a large number of members were enrolled who were communicants in other denominations. And we are pleased to say that some of the most faithful and energetic workers belong to this class. The society on the date

of its first anniversary had an enrollment of seventy-four members, and had raised over five hundred dollars for Christian education. Since its first inception the work of this organization has received the hearty encouragement and cooperation of the President, Rev. James M. Henderson, A.M. D.D., the Faculty and Trustee Board. The Ladies' Aid Society is an excellent example of the great good which Christian women can do by organized effort. In 1906 they raised nearly $324.

JAMES M. HENDERSON.

106. MRS. ROSE BOSWELL.

        We present Mrs. Rose Boswell, one of the prominent church workers of Brown Chapel A. M. E. Church. She is a member of Missionary Society, the Ladies' Aid Society and the Daughters of Mercy, and prominent in all secular and benevolent organizations of note. A devoted wife and mother, and has succeeded in rearing a large family of children.

107. MRS. MARTHA PHILIPS.

        The subject of this sketch, Mrs. Martha Philips, of Little Rock, Ark. She is an earnest Christian woman. One of the most untiring missionary workers in the bounds of Arkansas and is a hair artist by trade. She is the esteemed wife of Dr. W. A. J. Philips, of the Fort Smith District, A. M. E. Church, whose prominence in our church needs no comment whatever.

No. 110. [Knox Presbyterian Academy.]

No. 111. [Payne University.]

113. MRS. ANNA BROOKS.

        Mrs. Anna Brooks was born in McDonough, Ga. in 1860. In 1887 she was married to Rev. R. D. Brooks, D.D. Presiding Elder of Mobile District, who is one of the most prominent ministers in the A. M. E. Church, and is first assistant secretary in General Conference, and is Alabama's representative on the General Missionary Board. He is treasurer of the Central Alabama Conference, secretary of the Board of Trustees of Payne University. They have one son, Rev. Robt. E. Brooks, A.B., who graduated with highest honors from Wilberforce University, and is fast becoming one of the most prominent ministers in our church. Though young, he is a sweet gospel preacher. Mrs. Brooks has worked in the Sunday-school, for twenty years and is now a teacher in Sunday-school, treasurer of the Ladies' Aid Society of Payne University, President Daughters of Conference No. 1, which society needs no comment, but suffice to say is one of the most prominent benevolent societies in the State.

A BRIEF SKETCH.

114. IN NORTH ALABAMA.

        One morning in the last spring month of 1850, there was a little girl born. Her mother's name was Adlaid Moore. She had two dear friends whose names were Hopie and Jane, being the only gift she could give her in those days. She called her by both names, Hopie J.; the father's name was of no consequence in that section in those days, for the names changed as often as the homes, and this child was no exception to the rule. The

family moved to Talladega when she was four years old. There she lived till she made the last and most important move. After many changes and varied experiences at the age of nine years, by some misfortune or good fortune, I hardly know which, there was a change made in the family, hence a change in name. This time the name became Cruikshank. This name lasted till emancipation. At this time she was a large girl or young lady almost. She had felt very keenly a desire to learn, but the penalty in that part of the State was very severe, not only on the Negroes if it was found that they knew letters, but on the owners as well. So it was very dangerous even to make an attempt to learn. Just as soon as it was found that this penalty was no more effective, she got a blueback speller and got the children that she had been caring for to teach her to spell. It was not long before she knew a good deal without help.

        As soon as an opportunity presented itself to go to school, which was a night school, she was a most earnest scholar, working in the day and going to school at night. In this new condition it was most highly appreciated and enjoyed. This was the course till the American Missionary Association opened the doors with a cordial welcome to Talladega College. There she spent all the time she possibly could, for there were some days for work outside that had to be observed. In the vacation of 1869 she had her first experience as a teacher. This was a private school in Shelby county, near Lover's Ferry. It did not require so much then to be a teacher as it did later on. Anybody that could read, spell a littleand write some were qualified teachers. Even with that meager preparation teaching at that time and for several years after was very unpopular and very dangerous, so opposed were the whites to Negro schools. Before this school was very old it was necessary to put it under the protection of the

Freedmen's Bureau; there had been so many dangerous threats made against both school and teacher by white landowners, who wanted the young people in the fields. The next school was taught by her in Talladega county. This one was not much different, as to danger from the first one. To the settlement in which this school was taught the Klu-Klux started, and at the foot of the mountain over which led to this colored settlement they were met by a party of young people returning from a wedding, and started to take the young men off to the woods. All were Sabbath-school scholars. They began to call the different ones of the clan by name and call out their deformities; so they knew that they were detected. One had lost an arm in the war, another was very bow-legged and so on. This frightened the gang, as this sort of disturbance was against the wishes of the best planters of that section, as it disturbed their laborers. This stopped the gang, for they had already done a good deal of mischief.

        The next day they looked these people up to get them if called on not to testify against them. These were days that tried teachers' souls as well as nerves--it meant true heroism and strong faith and love for duty. There were two other schools taught, one at Cahaba Ala., Dallas county, another in Talladega county. At the close of this last one in December of 1871, she spent the holidays with friends at Shelby Ironworks. There were some carpenters there erecting a large store; one of them, Mr. H. B. Sullivan, who at once became very much impressed with this teacher, for he had heard of her work among the people--of her work in school, of the four Sabbath-schools she had established, and other helpful work that time will not permit mentioning.

        After showing her every attention while there, he corresponded with her and visited her at her home. After both seemed mutually agreed that they could trust each

other in the future for the happiness and success of each they were married in 1872, taking Selma for their future home. Here they have lived and labored through many and varied experiences, and established a home and business; have reared a family. There were four children, the oldest daughter died at twelve years of age. There remains two boys and one girl, all grown and following their own business. They all still live happily together under the old vine and fig tree.

        Miss Adefy is a young lady of rare business qualities, very industrious, and along the lines of home training, housekeeping, the arts, etc., she is capable of gracing any home and is a milliner by trade.

        Mr. T. L. O. Sullivan has the patronage of the best people in the city in his wholesale and retail grocery business.

        Dr. H. Stanly Sullivan is one of the best dentists in the South and enjoys a lucrative practice.

        The father, Mr. H. B. Sullivan, has one of the best undertaking establishments in the South, of which Mr. T. L. O. Sullivan is the embalmer.

115. REV. MILLIE WOLFE.

        It gives us pleasure to present Rev. Millie Wolfe, of Waycross, Ga., who has done more in the State of Georgia for the cause of Christ, starting mission points, building churches and saving souls, than any other woman of her day and generation. She has attended a deaconess school. Sister Wolfe always brings a report to the Georgia Annual Conference of which she is a member. She always takes an interest in the work of the women, and is a prominent missionary in the W. H. & F. M. Society. She does her work in a womanly way. She

dresses the same, takes the women for her associates, and never tries to get away from her sex. Some of her sermons have been published, and prominent among them is "Scriptural Authority for Woman's Work in the Christian Church."

116. MRS. EDDIE WILLIAMS.

        Mrs. Eddie Williams, sister of R. H. Duncan, is a member of St. Paul church, Rome, Ga., and delights to attend the sick and seek for the unfortunate.

117. BISHOP L. H. HOLSEY, D.D.

        In a few brief words we will say that Bishop L. H. Holsey, D.D., is one of the most prominent men of the race, and one of the foremost Bishops in the C. M. E. Church. Space will not allow us to give his beautiful autobiography. He is a writer and a philosopher of ability, resides in Atlanta, Ga., is chief editor of the Gospel Trumpet and has been a Bishop twenty-five years; was converted under the preaching of Rev. H. M. Turner, now bishop, in 1858, at Athens, Ga. He is a Christian gentleman and tries to help every woman and child as the gospel of Christ directs.

118. MRS. W. G. ALEXANDER.

        We present here the wife of one of the most prominent ministers in the A. M. E. Connection, the Rev. W. G. Alexander, D.D., Dean of Theology at Morris Brown

College a most successful pastor and presiding elder, and is considered up to date bishop timber. As a helpmeet his wife is one of the earnest workers in the A. M. E. church, a devoted mother, whose ability along church endeavors and social enterprises makes her equal and able to cope with the best women of the races.

120. LOUISA DONNIE DENA McMILLAN.

        Louisa Donnie Dena McMillan was born at Ousley, Ga., Lowndes County, June 20, 1878. Her parents are Sandy and Nancy McCoggle, who had twelve children, and four of them have passed into the world beyond. Sandy and Nancy McCoggle live now at Valdosta, Ga. It seems after all there is something in the number 7, for Donnie is the seventh child, and the characteristic of her marks out and distinguishes her from all the rest of the family, notwithstanding the very high esteem in which the McCoggle family was held by everybody who knew them.

        The McCoggle home was always the home of traveling ministers. Brother Sandy is a local preacher in the A. M. E. Church, and has been for more than forty years. This seventh child with the other children began school at a very early age to Prof. Coleman, who gave her a brief start off in books. She continued going to school in the county until eleven years old, and at this age her parents found it necessary that she should attend a higher school; therefore she was sent to Valdosta, where she entered school. She advanced at the head of her class until the trade of dressmaking was completed and her musical talent was developed. She then returned to her home at Ousley and began instructing music and sewing. Donnie, as she was called had a deep interest always in

church work even when but a child, and at the age of 14 she was converted and was elected each year thereafter to represent her Sunday-school at conventions; and at the Sabbath-school convention of 1898, on the 26th day of July, she met the Rev. Lazarus W. McMillan, who was a young widower of two years, and looking for a second wife also a minister in charge of the A. M. E. church at Dupont, Ga. This young divine fixed his mind on the young lady and also attracted her attention. After preaching a missionary sermon, she was impressed to the extent that they began corresponding and were wedded December the 1st of the same year in the A. M. E. Church at Ousley, Ga. The late Rev. J. A. Wood, D.D., officiated. Since that time she has been a constant helpmeet for her husband. She has been for the last three years the second vice-president of the Woman's Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the Georgia Conference. This young woman is endeavoring to profitably use her time in this life by laboring for home comforts and the cause of humanity. Every one that comes in contact with her learns to love her; in fact, to know her is to love her.

121. MRS. MARY ELIZABETH WAKER.

        The subject of this sketch was born and reared at Bloomfield, Ky., and there finished all of the common school courses in that city school. She has belonged to the A. M. E. Zion Church from her early girlhood days. August 31st, 1903, she was married to Rev. Solomon J. Waker, and has proved to be a worthy helper to her husband in the Master's vineyard. She is an untiring church worker, a good musician and pleasing in association. She is now stationed at Russellville, Ky., where

she is serving her second appointment as president of the Russellville District in the W. H. & F. M. work. She is an inspiring missionary worker.

122. MISS ALMA BEATRICE BURNETT

        In the number (122) we present Miss Alma Beatrice Burnett. Though young, we predict her as one of the coming young women of the race. She is the youngest of a family of girls who were left motherless. The oldest, now Mrs. Mary Ella Garner, though only a young girl at the death of her mother, began the trade of sewing and dressmaking whereby she supported a family of four girls and one boy and has succeeded in giving them all a fair education.

        One sister, Mrs. Lula J. B. Carrol, who graduated from Payne University as salutatorian of a class of five young ladies in 1896; a prominent officer of the Alumn Association of Payne University, taught in public schools of Dallas county several years, and is now a teacher in the Beloit Presbyterian School. Miss Alma is a graduate of Selma University, which school she attended three years after finishing from the public school of Selma. She was always obedient in school, beloved by her teachers and whose record reached the highest of any in her class, thereby graduating as valedictorian of class of 1905.

        She is now employed at the Missionary Searchlight office, and is a splendid help to the editor-in-chief, and was also an excellent help in the compilation of this production, and since married to Mr. I. W. Booker.

123. MISS LAURA E. SAMUEL.

        Although Selma is blessed with many teachers of excellent qualities and proficient proclivities, yet we must speak of one in particular, Miss Laura E. Samuel, a young woman of rare attainments, able as a teacher to cope with the best of our race, yet very modest and retiring desiring to do her work thoroughly but quietly. She is a graduate of Clark University, Atlanta, Ga., and since that time has never been without a good position, owing to the splendid manner, control and successful training as a teacher of small children and kindergarten work.

        In disposition Miss Samuel is sweet and lovable, and as a teacher has fame far reaching.

BUSINESS MEN AND PROFESSIONS.

        The Burwell Pharmacy, Dr. L. L. Burwell proprietor, is a handsome two-story brick structure opposite the City Hall. Dr. J. H. Robinson is a practicing physician there, with Dr. A. R. Parker, pharmaceutist; Dr. Curry Reid, assistant; Messrs. William Myles and Willie York, Miss Clanton, bookkeeper, and Mr. Willie Dinkins, assistant. Several office boys are also employed.

        A sanitorium has recently been added and Mrs. Leathie Berry is nurse. Dr. Burwell is a missionary indeed. He very often visits the poor and needy of this city without compensation, besides his other very extensive practice. He is a practicing physician, is very worthy and is considered second to none in the country.

        One of the best buildings in the city is that adjoining Burwell's drug store, the Hudson & Irby building. It is

a three-story brick structure, having all modern conveniences and in size and accommodations is equal to that of any in the city. The third floor is occupied by Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights and Ladies of Honor, Knights of Table, Immaculates O. E. S. and other secret organizations. The second floor is occupied by the "Colored Art Company," Mutual Aid Associations, Y. M. C. A. and Colored Ladies' Millinery Emporium.

        Mr. Chas. Lee runs a successful bicycle and repair shop.

        The business men in the city who run the business of tailoring, clothes cleaning, dyeing and repairing are as follows: Messrs, Mosby, Bryant Burnett, Mrs. Ford, Mose Carter and W. H. Munford, who give employment to several young men.

        Mr. H. B. Kenon manages the tailoring department of one of the largest clothing establishments in the South, having under him several apprentices of color, and from which job he receives a first-class salary.

        The tonsorial artists who run successful businesses are: Mr. Frank Weaver, Messrs. W. M. Clark, Andrew Carthon Jessie Reid, Isaac Collins, A. Levens and Murry Walker, all of whom employ other tonsorial artists of respectability.

        Those in successful business of restaurants, cafes, fish and oysters are: Walter Maxey, T. J. Hooks, Alex. Walker, Mrs. Lula Hyde, Mrs. Ford, R. H. Emanuel and Silas Marshall.

        We have two undertaking establishments besides the one of Mr. H. B. Sullivan, which has been previously spoken of. These are: The Lavert Bros. and the J. H. Williams establishment, both of which are succeeding and worthy of mention.

        Our three very enterprising blacksmiths, wheelwrights and carriage building shops are: Messrs. Duncan Irby, Ed. and Squire Stone and Ed. Stone, Jr.

        Our business men in the grocery line are quite numerous, but we will undertake to name the leading ones, and some of which are the most prominent to be found in the State: Messrs. T. L. O. Sullivan, Caldwell Bros., J. E. Kennedy, Walter Bell, Ed. Lawson, Chas. Blevens, C. L. Henderson, Mrs. Anna Mixon Stone, Miss Pattie Kingston, Mrs. Mary A. Weaver, N. Jones, Jessie Smith, Dock Hopkins, Richard Mackey, Emanuel Davis and Charles Goldsby.

        The Union Drug Company bids fair to be one of the largest drug companies in the South. Dr. T. L. A. Tomlinson, proprietor; Dr. J. W. Moore, a practicing physician of ability has his office in connection.

        Dr. Derry Brown, the only eye, ear and throat specialist of color in this section of the country, is also connected therewith, and several office boys and clerks are employed.

        We have the following leaders in the transfer and hack line business: Messrs. George Clark, J. H. Williams, Wyatt Hunter, Ed. Walker, Major Boswell, Charlie Lee, Willie Robinson, Pompey Stone, Andrew Gill, John Wright, Jeff Lake, Willie McGee, Jim Jones, Foster, Percy Fuller and George Allison and J. Emmerson.

        We also have numerous benevolent societies and secret organizations, viz.: The Daughters of Conference, No. 1, presided over by Mrs. Columbia Locket; Daughters of Conference No. 2, presided over by Mrs. J. M. Graham; Original Sons and Daughters of Zion, presided over by Mrs. Synthia Collens. Others are: The Home Mission Society the Sons and Daughters of Zion No. 2, the Friendly Brothers and Sisters, the Sisters of Charity, the two benevolent societies of Green Street Baptist Church.

        These societies, together with the many secret orders, do herculean work in our city and surroundings.

        There are also two burial societies that carry on extensive business, besides about five mutual aid societies, who care for the sick and bury the dead.

        We have the following first-class boot and shoemakers: Messrs. Robert Dillard, Bruce Cook, S. B. Norwood George Hudson, Mr. Bynum, Henry Stanfield and A. T. Taylor.

        Our coal and woodyards successfully run are by Hudson Bros. and Rev. S. F. Kingston.

        We are fortunate enough to have two newspapers, one weekly, The People's Observer, and The Alabama Standard, and one monthly, the Missionary Searchlight.

        In connection with the Baptist University is an excellent printing office. The R. H. Duncan Printing Company does first-class printing and job work.

        Our leading musical artists with private classes are: Dr. C. L. Harris, LL.B., Rev. J. C. Cook, Mrs. Mattie E. Kennedy, Mrs. Lula Gray Clark, Mrs. Eugenia Wade, Mrs. C. S. Denkins and Miss Georgia Patterson.

        The women of our city are engaged in nearly all the leading vocations of life. We have trained nurses, nurses in obstetrics, dressmakers, milliners cooks and laundresses.

        We also have builders, contractors, brick and tile masons and paper hangers.

        We have in our city also the Interlink Ginnery Company, Mr. C. L. Osborn, president and treasurer.

        This company gins between fifteen hundred and two thousand bales of cotton a season, and is considered a very substantial corporation.

        Inventors: Mrs. M. A. Dillard, inventor of the "American Bride Icing," and it is said by all who use it to be the best on the market.

        Maxey Cooper is the inventor of a revolving churn. It has been patented, and he is a civil engineer.

        James P. Norwood, brother of S. B. Norwood, is the latest inventor of the race. He was born and reared in Selma. He has invented a wonderful apparatus to prevent wrecks on railroads.

125. MISS MAMIE E. CLARK.

        Miss Mamie E. Clark, a graduate of Payne University, Normal Department and of the Nurse Training Department of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial School, and at present is assistant head nurse of the Nurse Training Department. She is also a violinist of no mean ability. She comes from one of the best families of our city, which numbers ten children. Her brother, Dr. Frank Clark is also a graduate of Payne University. He then matriculated at Howard University at Washington, D. C., and will soon have an excellent practice as a dental surgeon. Her father, Mr. Wm. Clark, is one of the business men of our city, trustee and class leader of Brown Chapel. His second wife, Mrs. Lula Gray Clark, one of the former teachers of the city public school, is a lady of sweet and affable disposition and musical talent, able to grace any platform.

126. MRS. LUCY E. BROWN.