Racial dynamics at the Andrews and Lane Oneita Knitting Mills
Hoyman discusses the unique nature of the Oneita Knitting Mills strike of 1973 at the Andrews and Lane plants in South Carolina. In particular, he focuses on racial dynamics in the strike, stressing the fact that the Lane plant had a majority of African American workers whereas the Andrews plant was predominantly white. In addition, he explains how organizing this strike in two locations gave the Textile Workers Union of America (TWUA) a unique challenge.
Citing this Excerpt
Oral History Interview with Scott Hoyman, Fall 1973. Interview E-0009. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007) in the Southern Oral History Program Collection, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Full Text of the Excerpt
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Well, that's one of the unusual aspects of the strike, that we
had two physical locations simultaneously in organizing a strike. And
Lane, since it was twenty miles away, really had to be handled in a
parallel fashion. When we had a commissary in
Andrews … we had a commissary in Lane and if we had certain
standards for helping people with their financial problems in Andrews,
we had to provide the same yardstick in the other location. The groups
of people acted quite differently, simply because Andrews was, so to
speak, more cosmopolitan of the two situations. And the people from
Andrews seemed to come from a greater distance and they
didn't … well, there were more variations in the
strike groups in Andrews. In Lane, there were almost no whites. There
were seventeen white employees out of 230 when the strike began and
black employees there, 90% of them would have been under thirty. Most of
them were cleancut, peppy, young, black ladies (
). It was a sewing plant and so, they sort of formed a social center
in the Lane strike headquarters, which interestingly enough, was a black
Masonic lodge hall right accross the highway from the plant. They stuck
together pretty well.
- DAN McCURRY:
-
There was …
[unclear]
… in Lane … a black mortician, I think it
was and … tried to …
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Before the election?
- DAN McCURRY:
-
Before the election. I guess that it would be before the election.
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Well, we were, I didn't get involved until we got over that
hump. During the strike, we were concerned about whether the company
would be able to get significant black leadership in the community to
take a stand against the strike. Or encourage people to scab. The
community, the black leadership pretty well stayed, I think, on the
union side, although there were maybe a couple of deviations, but they
were more from people a long way away, you know, like twenty-five miles
from there there would be a little center and somebody would start
coming in over the picket lines and then he or she
made it, and then there might be some more feed-in. It was that kind of
situation. The black community leadership in Georgetown and Jamestown
and in that area, I think was pretty much pro-union.
- DAN McCURRY:
-
It's interesting to compare the differences in the workers at
the Lane plant and the Andrews plant…
[unclear]
What were the reasons for the difference in the makeup of the
plants?
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Well, of course, the reason for the difference was the age of the plants.
The Andrews plant of Oneida, I think had been there since '54
or '55 possibly.
- DAN McCURRY:
-
…
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Could be.
- CAROLYN ASHBAUGH:
-
…
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
And we had some people supporting the union who … and a couple
of other people
- DAN McCURRY:
-
…
- SCOTT HOYMAN:
-
Yeah. But Lane was a satellite development and I don't think
that it had started until three or four years ago, maybe four or five, I
don't know. So, this accounted for a lot of difference. When
the original plant started, I don't think that they were
hiring too many blacks. It was all white, or basically white. And the
second plant, I think, the labor shortage had started to have some
impact and Civil Rights Title Seven was there and they were hiring a lot
more blacks in both plants. In fact, the composition of the Andrews
plant changed racially to quite an extent between the time the ILG had
the election and bargaining rights and strikes, and the time when we
came down. There were a lot more white workers percentage wise in
Andrews than by 1971.