Family labor system and blending farm work with mill work for self-sufficiency
Betty Davidson describes her childhood in Danville, Virginia, during the 1910s and 1920s. In outlining the family labor system in which both parents and children played important roles, Davidson describes how her parents blended farming and work in the Dan River Mill. According to Davidson, her parents shared a set of looms at the mill, which her father worked during the winter months and her mother worked during the summer months while her father turned his attention to farming.
Citing this Excerpt
Oral History Interview with Betty and Lloyd Davidson, February 2 and 15, 1979. Interview H-0019. Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007) in the Southern Oral History Program Collection, Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Full Text of the Excerpt
- ALLEN TULLOS:
-
Why don't you just start back by recalling what sort of house
you lived in, where it was, and things like that.
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
-
I was born in a little four-room house in the country, the fourth child
of my mother and father's, the oldest girl. And as far back
as I can remember we had a big wood stove and a big wood heater and a
fireplace. This is where we all got up our lessons around the big
heater. We sit on the floor. And my chores——the
main chores——was to take care of the children, and
in the cooking my job was to make bread three times a day. And we had a
big barrel that we kept the flour in, and that's where I made
the bread, in the pantry. And I always built the fires in the cookstove.
And we children brought in wood and packed beside of the stove and on
the porch. And then as I grew older, my job was to milk the cow and help
churn and wash and iron.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
-
What about your mother and father? What did they
do?
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
-
My mother was the main one to watch after all the cooking and planning
all the meals. And my father, he worked in the field with the boys. And
he was a farmer. And my mother and father together run a set of looms in
Dan River Cotton Mill under the supervision of Jim Copland. And my
father, he would run the looms in the wintertime and go to and from work
by horseback. And the horse would have to break the ice to swim across
the creek. And in the summertime when he was farming my mother run the
looms and she stayed in town because she couldn't ride the
horse. And one day I was setting in the wagon and the cow jumped over
the top of me. I remember my brother telling me that.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
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Where did your mother stay when she stayed in Danville?
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
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She stayed with a Miss Mayhew on Belmont Avenue.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
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Was that a boarding house?
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
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No, just a friend.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
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She would stay there in the summertime?
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
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Uh-huh. But, you know, just while the mill was running. Then on the
weekends she would come home. They'd go get her on the wagon
or buggy. You can't remember those things, but I do.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
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Was it pretty unusual that a husband and wife would share a set of looms
at that time?
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
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They let them do it. I don't know about other people.
- ALLEN TULLOS:
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Do you know anything about how your mother and father met?
What about how they might have gotten their jobs at the mill?
How they might have gotten their first job at the mill?
- LLOYD DAVIDSON:
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That thing doesn't pick up shaking your head.
- BETTY DAVIDSON:
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I didn't want it to.
- LLOYD DAVIDSON:
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Well, I remember him saying that when he was a young man that his
brothers and sisters moved from North Carolina to Texas. And he stayed
out there two or three years in Texas with them. And he was getting up
around twenty years old then. So he decided to come back to this part of
the country. So he rode the train——hoboed on the
train back to Danville, and he went to work in the cotton mill there.
And that's how he got back to Danville. He hoboed back from
Texas. His sister and brother moved out there and he went with them as a
young man and he came back to Danville then and got a job there in the
mill, and I think that was when they met.