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                    <hi rend="bold">Oral History Interview with William C. Friday, December 18,
                        1990. Interview L-0049. Southern Oral History Program Collection
                    (#4007):</hi> Electronic Edition. </title>
                <title type="descriptive">University of North Carolina President William C. Friday
                    Discusses his Professional Relationship with Anne Queen</title>
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                    <name id="fw" reg="Friday, William C." type="interviewee">Friday, William
                    C.</name>, interviewee </author>
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                        <title type="recording">Oral History Interview with William C. Friday,
                            December 18, 1990. Interview L-0049. Southern Oral History Program
                            Collection (#4007)</title>
                        <title type="series">Series L. University of North Carolina. Southern Oral
                            History Program Collection (L-0049)</title>
                        <author>Cindy Cheatham</author>
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                        <date>18 December 1990</date>
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                        <title type="transcript">Oral History Interview with William C. Friday,
                            December 18, 1990. Interview L-0049. Southern Oral History Program
                            Collection (#4007)</title>
                        <title type="series">Series L. University of North Carolina. Southern Oral
                            History Program Collection (L-0049)</title>
                        <author>William C. Friday</author>
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                    <extent>15 p.</extent>
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                        <publisher>Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at
                            Chapel Hill</publisher>
                        <pubPlace>Chapel Hill, North Carolina</pubPlace>
                        <date>18 December 1990</date>
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                        <note anchored="no">Interview conducted on December 18, 1990, by Cindy
                            Cheatham; recorded in Unknown.</note>
                        <note anchored="no"> Transcribed by Jovita Flynn.</note>
                        <note anchored="no"> Forms part of: Southern Oral History Program Collection
                            (#4007): Series L. University of North Carolina, Manuscripts Department,
                            University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.</note>
                        <note anchored="no">Original transcript on deposit at the Southern
                            Historical Collection, The Wilson Library, University of North Carolina
                            at Chapel Hill.</note>
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        <front>
            <div1 type="about_interview">
                <head>Interview with William C. Friday, December 18, 1990. Interview L-0049.</head>
                <byline>Conducted by Cindy Cheatham</byline>
                <note type="deposit" anchored="no">
                    <p>Transcript on deposit at The Southern Historical Collection, The Louis Round
                        Wilson Library</p>
                </note>
                <note type="citation" anchored="no">
                    <p>Citation of this interview should be as follows: <lb/>“Interview L-0049, in
                        the Southern Oral History Program Collection #4007, <lb/>Southern Historical
                        Collection, The Wilson Library, <lb/>University of North Carolina at Chapel
                        Hill”</p>
                </note>
                <note type="copyright" anchored="no">Copyright © 2007 The University of North
                    Carolina</note>
                <note type="transcription_note" anchored="no"/>
            </div1>
            <div1 type="abstract">
                <head>Abstract</head>
                <p>William C. Friday served as the president of the University of North Carolina
                    from 1957 to 1986. During his tenure, he worked closely with Anne Queen. Trained
                    in seminary, Queen had become the associate director of the campus YWCA in 1956.
                    From 1964 to 1975, she served as director of the newly merged YMCA-YWCA. In this
                    interview, Friday discusses his professional relationship with Queen and
                    describes her leadership qualities. Friday emphasizes Queen's relationship with
                    University of North Carolina students, describing her as the "den mother" of the
                    student body. Friday explains that students trusted Queen because she was a good
                    listener and because she led by example rather than by pontification. Friday
                    describes how Queen's leadership was particularly important as women became
                    fully integrated into the university system and as students participated in
                    various protest movements during the 1960s. In addition to describing Queen's
                    role at the University of North Carolina, Friday also briefly reflects on the
                    tradition of liberalism on campus, comparing his own presidency to that of Frank
                    Porter Graham in the 1930s and 1940s. </p>
            </div1>
            <div1 type="short_abstract">
                <head>Short Abstract</head>
                <p>Former president of the University of North Carolina, William C. Friday,
                    describes his working relationship with Anne Queen, who was director of the
                    Campus Y from the late 1950s into the 1970s. Friday discusses Queen's
                    relationship with students and her leadership qualities.</p>
            </div1>
        </front>
        <body>
            <div1 id="L-0049" type="sohp_interview">
                <head>Interview with William C. Friday, December 18, 1990. <lb/>Interview L-0049.
                    Southern Oral History Program Collection (#4007)</head>
                <list type="simple">
                    <head>Interview Participants</head>
                    <item>
                        <name id="spk1" key="wf" reg="Friday, William C." type="interviewee">WILLIAM
                            C. FRIDAY</name>, interviewee</item>
                    <item>
                        <name id="spk2" key="cc" reg="Cheatham, Cindy" type="interviewer">CINDY
                            CHEATHAM</name>, interviewer</item>
                </list>
                <div2 id="tape1-a" n="1-A" type="tape_side">
                    <pb id="p1" n="1"/>
                    <head>[TAPE 1, SIDE A]</head>
                    <note anchored="yes">
                        <p>[START OF TAPE 1, SIDE A]</p>
                    </note>
                    <milestone n="6939" unit="empty" type="start" timestamp="00:00:00"/>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Well, I knew Anne Queen when she first came here. The President of the
                            University doesn't deal as directly with student organizations as most
                            people think because that's really the job of the Chancellor. But having
                            been a Dean of Students myself, I took more than a casual interest and
                            that's why I got to know her. My wife, Ida, was on the board of the YWCA
                            and in fact, was chairman, I think, at one time and she helped to get
                            people into the program. So, my whole family has been involved with the
                            Y program in Chapel Hill. Anne Queen is what I would call "out of the
                            mold" of Chapel Hill. Let me explain what I mean by that. Having seen a
                            lot of universities all over the country in thirty-five years, you get
                            to the point where you wonder why there are such differences among these
                            institutions. They all teach, they all have research activities and they
                            all engage in public service. But what is it that makes it so different
                            when you say somebody's from Chapel Hill? or somebody is from Madison or
                            Ann Arbor or Austin or Berkeley? Those are the great public universities
                            in the country. I think it's this. I think that young people, when they
                            go through the experience at Chapel Hill get so much more than this
                            classroom and laboratory experience; that they learn how to live in the
                            world. They learn to get along with people. They learn that compromise
                            is the way to advance an idea, never giving it up, but moving in a
                            constant but gradual movement forward to achieve a longer objective. Now
                            the reason for that kind of process is that you learn as you do. And I
                            believe that the reason that <pb id="p2" n="2"/> Chapel Hill conducted
                            itself the way it did during the post Kent State problems and the Viet
                            Nam problems was because students here knew first, that they could speak
                            their mind. They knew that they could speak to anybody they wanted to
                            from the President on down. But they also knew that when they were free
                            to do these things, that they had to act responsibly because there is no
                            such thing as freedom without some sense of obligation and
                            responsibility. If you try to assume that, then it's anarchy. People
                            don't act within the context of a democratic process. So, I believe that
                            the difference in young people who go through and really work at the
                            experience of being a student here gain so much more in the sense of
                            maturity and judgment and experience that they're ready to take on the
                            world when they leave here. You don't find this in every institution,
                            regrettably. Well, Anne Queen is one of those spirits. I used to tell
                            her she was den mother to the whole student body, if they wanted to come
                            to her house, you know, because her place stayed open all the time.
                            There was never a time when you couldn't go by there and find students
                            sitting and talking and arguing and debating. She was a marvelous, and
                            still is as far as that goes, a marvelous personality at helping
                            students think these things out, you see. It's one thing to react
                            emotionally to something because you feel it and believe it, and that's
                            good. But it's also the mark of an educated person to have that sense of
                            motivation, but to have the capacity to reason and think all the way
                            through it to a resolution or solution. Well, that's what Anne did. She
                            was a catalyst, she was a stimulator, she was den <pb id="p3" n="3"/>
                            mother, she cooked, she sewed. She did all these things because her
                            whole life was given to young people. She got such enormous satisfaction
                            out of it that I don't believe she was ever tired. She was running full
                            speed from the moment she woke up in the morning until she put her head
                            on the pillow at night. I don't think she ever quit moving and working
                            and challenging and doing and serving, and you know, touching the lives
                            of people. I know of no time when she ever faltered and I knew her
                            pretty well. Our means of communication was always through the telephone
                            or by meeting each other and talking. We never worked in the structured
                            formality of the University because it was not possible. But there was
                            never a time when she ever doubted that she could pick up the phone and
                            say to me, "This is what we need to do," or "This is where we need some
                            help." And I would explain to her what I could do or couldn't do. We
                            were perfectly open with each other and in that way she was a very
                            valuable person to me. Of course, I knew when I heard what she had to
                            say that she was reflecting the consensus from students. Any university
                            administrator needs that, you see, if he's really going to work with
                            young people. I'll put it another way around. Any chief administrative
                            officer who didn't develop that is throwing away one of the greatest
                            assets he could have. So she moved through all these years and the lives
                            of all of these people as a positive, challenging, stimulating,
                            motivating, spiritual force. In other words, she lived, in my view, a
                            very noble existence here. Never easy, always with stress. But you see,
                            the demarcation of people like Anne Queen is that they have <pb id="p4"
                                n="4"/> inner peace. They can take on all these controversies
                            because it doesn't upset them. They know what they're dealing with. I'm
                            sure the person she loved the most and cared for the most was Dr. Frank
                            Graham. He taught her that and the rest of us, too. I consider myself as
                            much a student of his as Anne. Now, that was a generation at Chapel Hill
                            that you don't see today, regrettably, and I don't know why. I don't
                            think what I characterize as the experience or the demarcation of a <gap
                                reason="unknown"/> with this place, I think that's still true. And
                            I'm sure it's because I'm not in touch. But I really believe what
                            happens here is of such force that it carries you with it. She had that
                            experience here and lived it to the fullest and is still doing it. I
                            keep getting notes from her all the time. She watches a little
                            television show I do and she's my resident mountain critic, I call her.
                                <note type="comment"> [Laughter] </note> But I think my
                            characterization of her as den mother to the student body is about as
                            encompassing as you can make it.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <milestone n="6939" unit="empty" type="stop" timestamp="00:07:59"/>
                    <milestone n="6824" unit="excerpt" type="start" timestamp="00:08:00"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Well, I wanted to ask you about that. I wanted to ask you a little bit
                            about the environment for women on campus while you served as President.
                            What was it like and how did Ann work with the women at this
                        University?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Well, you know, when I first came here, there was not open admissions for
                            women at all. Then when you ask Governor Sanford about this he, when he
                            was Governor, and I and a man named Dallas Herring down here who at that
                            time was head of the school system for the state, created what is known
                            as the Carlysle Commission. That work is really going to be a very <pb
                                id="p5" n="5"/> profound item of history in this state when somebody
                            takes the time to evaluate it because out of that process came the
                            opening up of the University where all four year degree schools became
                            arts and sciences campuses. We opened up the admission of women. We
                            opened up UNC-G for the admission of men. We delimited the range of
                            doctoral training, projected the development of the community college
                            system, actually outlined the development of the University by taking in
                            the campuses at Charlotte and Wilmington and Asheville. All of this, you
                            see, in one particular report. Now, once it became true that the old
                            policies that were very restrictive for women were to go, you know who
                            jumped right in the middle with the emergence of that new idea. And that
                            was Anne. Now look at the result of it today. Women predominate in
                            enrollment here and this is true at N.C. State I found out. There are
                            more women now than males. But it's the new day. You make these kinds of
                            changes for many reasons. First, it's economic. You couldn't afford to
                            have big university plants that weren't open to coeducation. Secondly,
                            it is the way you want to have the academic experience because that's
                            the way life is out there. You know, men and women, male and female; you
                            work that way every day of your life. So, why have such a sequestered
                            arrangement when you're reaching the years that are important. One of
                            the great skills that Anne Queen possesses is that she never lost sight
                            of where she's going. But she learned long ago how to do that with grace
                            and style so that even when you disagreed with her you could never get
                            angry because you knew that ultimately she would wear you <pb id="p6"
                                n="6"/> down. It had to happen. And wear you down because the idea
                            she had was right. It was the idea itself that she finally saw through.
                            And it was not a matter of resistance. It was just a matter of how much
                            can you achieve at one time in scheduling things and programming things.
                            But she was and is a person whose mind never sleeps. She's just stirring
                            up ideas all the time and that's what you want around a university
                            community. You absolutely have to have an Anne Queen to work with young
                            people.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <milestone n="6824" unit="excerpt" type="stop" timestamp="00:11:46"/>
                    <milestone n="6825" unit="excerpt" type="start" timestamp="00:11:47"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Can you comment a little bit on some specific incidents during the period
                            of upheaval when you were President? Were you President during the
                            sit-ins in the early 1960's? How did you see her role during
                            desegregation, Speaker Ban, food worker's strike and Viet Nam?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>On all those issues you knew where Anne Queen stood philosophically. You
                            knew where she stood intellectually and most of all, where she stood
                            spiritually. It was never a question there. All you were doing in
                            working with Anne Queen was deciding how to get there, whether you had
                            to work in the context of ninety days or twelve months or two years. And
                            she learned and was wise in dealing with the very hard fact that a
                            public university has so many forces it has to deal with, you see,
                            unlike a private institution. The legislature, for example. Public
                            opinion en masse. Political rights, political lefts, male/female
                            arguments, abortion cases, all these kinds of things. You live in this
                            cauldron of controversy. So, when I said she is a person of inner peace,
                            you knew where she was going to be. You didn't have to debate that part
                            of it at all. You just said, <pb id="p7" n="7"/> "Now, Anne, how can we
                            move from A to B in your opinion as we go down the road together?" She
                            was a marvelous person. One of her great skills was that she listens.
                            You know, so many people want to spend all their time talking. Anne is a
                            listener and you get along a lot faster when you develop that capacity,
                            especially when you're dealing with human beings in a sensitive
                            situation such as a university.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Can you comment specifically on what you can remember about her role with
                            the Chapel Hill human relations committee during the food worker's
                            strike negotiations? Can you recall?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>That's not something I know much about. I'd mislead you. But I know she
                            was a force. There's no doubt about that.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Why do you think Anne was so effective with the students, in particular,
                            and also with the administration and in the community?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Everybody trusted her. You know, that's the key ingredient. Trust. And
                            they knew that she loved them. These were her children. Anne played that
                            role; not mother, but the listening post, confidante, counselor. All
                            these words fit her and that's what she was.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>How do you believe that her unique background from the mountains
                            contributed to the way that she dealt with young people and also, the
                            administrators?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Have you ever known a mountain person that was impulsive? Never in your
                            life. Most of them are deliberate people. They are careful people and
                            they are people who know what adversity means. They use adversity to
                            grow. That's an <pb id="p8" n="8"/> important point because a lot of
                            people look for an excuse to quit trying and to quit doing. And as one
                            old friend of mine around here said one day, he said, "You know, some
                            people given a circumstance will grow in it. Others will swell up." You
                            know, when they are given a chance to really lead. I don't think she
                            ever entertained for a moment any thought of selfish gain in anything.
                            Anne Queen never set out to be president. For anyone to even intimate
                            that she would use a situation for personal aggrandizement is about as
                            foreign as it can be. It's that sense that you had when you were in her
                            presence. She was not manipulating things. She was not wheeling and
                            dealing with another person's life. She was rock honest. Or as
                            Chancellor House used to say about another person here, she was plain
                            distressingly honest. <note type="comment"> [Laughter] </note> I've
                            always thought that was a great phrase.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>You talk about her inner peace. How is that translated and how did she
                            show that inner peace and that spiritual side of her to her
                        students?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Well, it was not a matter of wearing her religion on her sleeve. It was
                            just that you knew that here was somebody who you could sit down with
                            who would be as honest as they knew how to be, who would be as helpful
                            as they knew how to be, who would be as encouraging, stimulating, and
                            truthful. She'd tell you when you were wrong, but not in any mean way.
                            That's my point. You don't find many people like this lady. But when you
                            do, the tendency is to overwork them because you want to do so much. I
                            don't know what Anne's stress points were, but my guess is that <pb
                                id="p9" n="9"/> she had a tendency to do just that; to push herself
                            to the extreme limit at times, wearing herself out in service. We all
                            have our faults, we all have our ways of doing things that irritate some
                            people. I hope not many. But that's just who we are. This is coming
                            around to the other point about her. She accepted you as you are. She
                            didn't try to remake you overnight. She didn't lecture you about
                            anything that you were doing that she knew to be questionable. She would
                            show you by example.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <milestone n="6825" unit="excerpt" type="stop" timestamp="00:18:37"/>
                    <milestone n="6940" unit="empty" type="start" timestamp="00:18:38"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Great. If you would use one phrase or several phrases, however you would
                            like to put it, to tell us why Anne Queen is so admired by so many from
                            so many areas around the University community and beyond, how would you
                            summarize that up?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Well, you can't use one word to embrace a light like that. I like to feel
                            that the real measurement of anyone's life is whether or not you've made
                            a useful difference. That is, the fact that I was here, lived these
                            years, worked at this job and am now gone, did it make any difference?
                            In her case, all that you've heard is a testimony of the affirmation
                            that she did. Now, why do you make a difference? Because you're useful.
                            You teach by being and doing. And you work at what you want to do. In
                            other words, to sit around and talk philosophy and religion and fate is
                            one thing, but to talk it and then go do it is another thing. She was
                            always the person that put action behind words. Now there were
                            conservative people that didn't agree with her, didn't approve of her,
                            criticized her. But no one ever questioned that principle about her and
                            they never would.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <pb id="p10" n="10"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Can you backtrack just a bit and if you were to describe just the
                            environment of upheaval while you were University President, how would
                            you describe that within the student body and within the community?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>What happened here was in lots of ways was a reflection of what was going
                            on all over the country. Yes, there was student unrest, student anxiety,
                            student concern and you would hope that the day would never come in a
                            university where that would not be the case because if it isn't a
                            vigorous, volatile, debating, challenging kind of atmosphere around
                            here, I think you're a dead institution. You might go through the rote
                            of teaching, the regiment of it, but you don't educate. It's a cyclical
                            kind of thing. You go through a period of years like that and then
                            everybody is just so weary of the whole business, you begin to hear
                            words, "Well, this is the conformist generation. They are not going to
                            challenge anybody. They aren't going to upset the boat. All they want to
                            do is make money." You remember your contemporaries two years ago? Well,
                            now it's changing again. You wouldn't be sitting here if it weren't
                            changing. Look around you. The Peace Corps is coming alive again. There
                            are so many things where young people have said, "No, it isn't making
                            money." You have to make a decent living to provide for yourself and
                            your family, but to be obsessed with it, to have greed as the consummate
                            aim in life is to have no life at all. And that's the cycle that maybe
                            I'm wishfully thinking, but I don't believe it. I think enough of you
                            are saying, "This isn't the way the world is going to be." <pb id="p11"
                                n="11"/> you have got to get along with the German and the Japanese,
                            the Chinese, the Indonesian and the Afrikaaner. You've got to know these
                            people. You've got to know what kind of world you're going to have. You
                            don't do that by sitting over here in the corner. You do that by working
                            at it and making mistakes and growing out of it. That's who she was.
                            Somewhere, and I don't know where, somewhere back here in her life,
                            early on, that happened to her. It's just as clear to me. I've seen
                            thousands of people here in my thirty years here and you get to know
                            certain things about character and personality traits and motivation and
                            every once in while somebody comes across your vision like Anne Queen
                            and you just say, "Gosh, if you had thirty of them, you could turn the
                            place upside down." I don't know if you could survive thirty of them,
                            but it would be worth a try. But she came along in years that the
                            personality that she was, the experience that she was all came in full
                            flower. She was a necessary person. And lots of people would tell you
                            circumstances create these personalities. You find yourself thrown into
                            a particular thing and you hope you've got within you the character and
                            the integrity and the drive and the energy and the commitment that
                            you'll take hold of whatever the situation is and deal with it. I think
                            time and circumstance and personality coincide. I know Anne wouldn't be
                            very happy in a collegiate atmosphere that was motivated by qualifying
                            myself only to make money. Now she'd rail against it, but I don't think
                            she'd find many wanting to join her. In those years, everybody was
                            getting into something. Very few people didn't have an opinion. It was a
                            very <pb id="p12" n="12"/> stimulating experience, but also one that
                            drained you completely. Because people like Anne, you see, and anybody
                            in the administrative structure, wouldn't be here if they weren't
                            sensitive to young people. You are always trying so hard to help, you
                            see, and understand why a decision has to be made a certain way. Because
                            the tendency at that stage of our lives is to do everything in black or
                            white. It's yes or no. There is no middle ground. That's the way she
                            worked. As you can see, I have great affection for her.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>I just have a few more questions. You are making references to her
                            knowledge of the University environment and the realities of the
                            pressures from the legislature and being a public University. Can you
                            comment on how she was able to dispel some of the violence that was
                            possibly growing within the students that she worked with and the
                            potential radicalism that could have come about at this University.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Just be being who she was. You know, when somebody who is that
                            personality type walks into a meeting and just stands there and doesn't
                            say anything, it quiets it down. And she was not afraid to take home
                            people who had not the pure motive, but the motive of radicalism. And
                            she could see it. You see, she had discerning capabilities. And they
                            were there. Don't let them mislead you. We had all kinds of people who
                            were speaking up and some who were really trying to use the situation.
                            Very few, but people do that to you, you know.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <milestone n="6940" unit="empty" type="stop" timestamp="00:27:02"/>
                    <milestone n="6826" unit="excerpt" type="start" timestamp="00:27:03"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>There's been a lot of criticism that the liberal community in Chapel Hill
                            was living on its legacy of liberals <pb id="p13" n="13"/> such as Frank
                            Porter Graham and Howard Odum and Carl Green. How would you comment on
                            that on that criticism?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>I would first ask who is making the criticism and see where they stood,
                            you know. There's a famous old dictum, "You never know what the chief
                            thinks till you stand in the chief's moccasins." There's a lot in that.
                            The difference today and the difference in the years that Dr. Graham was
                            here, and I worked with him, so I can speak with some experience, is the
                            television cameras here and there are people crawling all over you for
                            interviews and all this. He didn't have that experience. You live on the
                            front page or on the television screen and there isn't that much news
                            every day. But if there isn't something there they'll go out and try to
                            create an incident, you know. You've seen this happen. No, that's an
                            unfair allegation. Tell me which is the freest university in the state
                            today. Tell me which University didn't violate the law during all of
                            those crises. That was Frank Graham's number one principle. Frank Graham
                            never advocated the integration of the University until the law said so.
                            He was a great respecter of the legal process, the sanctity of the law,
                            and that was precisely the position that I took. I talked to him and I
                            understood what he wanted. His great liberalism came from his personal
                            actions in trying to get the human heart to understand that all men,
                            meaning all men and women of all races, sat down together. That was his
                            whole strategy. I've had people ask me, "What did I look back upon as
                            the most important thing I ever did?" Not that anything I ever did was
                            important, but I would say the first thing with me was to <pb id="p14"
                                n="14"/> keep the University free. The Speaker Ban law was put upon
                            us under outrageous circumstances, you know. They suspended the rules.
                            There were no hearings. We weren't given notice. They jammed the thing
                            through. We tried one process. We couldn't get it reversed, so we went
                            to the courts and it was done. No man has the right to ask you to
                            disobey the law. That's the reason you go that route. And I happen to be
                            a lawyer, so I naturally think that way.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <milestone n="6826" unit="excerpt" type="stop" timestamp="00:30:07"/>
                    <milestone n="6941" unit="empty" type="start" timestamp="00:30:08"/>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Do you have any closing comments you'd like to make on things we perhaps
                            haven't touched today about the Campus Y, perhaps or what Anne has left
                            this University?</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Let me put it this way. The great need in society today is for people who
                            think in terms of why people, individuals, every one of us is entitled
                            to certain fundamental things; the right of an education, to live freely
                            and without fear, the right of protection of personal privacy. When you
                            assert that and take that stand, you are also saying that "I'll take my
                            share of the responsibility to maintain that as a democratic society, as
                            a free community." That process begins in the home, in the schools and
                            in the community, then the state and now our country. This is why the
                            Anne Queens of the world are so important. They understand that. They
                            work very hard to see to it that you understand it. Now, you'll do it in
                            a way that will be different from this person or that person or the next
                            person, but all four of you will be thinking in the same general
                            direction. That's what her mission was and I believe it very deeply and
                            I like to be associated with it. That's what I tried <pb id="p15" n="15"
                            /> to do when I was here. The important thing is that it's a never
                            ending struggle; not that there's a devil out there to be overcome, but
                            when you make this change, then there's another one that's better. Then
                            you just keep moving, keep moving, keep moving. In my lifetime, I can
                            count off for you, there was no television when I was a boy, there were
                            no jet aircraft, there was no space exploration, there were no sulfa
                            drugs and all these things. Well, when you're my age, you'll look back
                            and say there were no this and this and this. I left here this morning
                            and had lunch in Brussels and am back home tonight in my bed. You travel
                            five thousand miles an hour or whatever you're going to do. All these
                            things, you see. But what you don't lose sight of is that all those
                            things are true and wonderful. It's what's happening to you that you
                            care about and therefore, what you do will be of use for America. That's
                            the lesson she tried to teach in my view.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk2">
                        <speaker n="2">CINDY CHEATHAM:</speaker>
                        <p>Great. Thank you so much for your time today.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <sp who="spk1">
                        <speaker n="1">WILLIAM C. FRIDAY:</speaker>
                        <p>Thank you. Very nice to see you, Miss Cheatham. Have a happy holiday.</p>
                    </sp>
                    <p>
                        <note anchored="yes">
                            <p>END OF INTERVIEW</p>
                        </note>
                    </p>
                    <milestone n="6941" unit="empty" type="stop" timestamp="00:41:55"/>
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